12 College of Forestry 
PAGE 
Zonal features ot the New: York flora... .< <2. <0... 0. o.. 436 son eee 66 
Suggested zones and their indicator species............. eee 70 
AS Zone\ot willow oaks sweet gum, etc... 5... -+ 74. 45 eee 70 
B. Zone of dominance of oaks, hickories, chestnut, tulip-tree, ete.. 71 
C. Dominance of sugar maple, beech, yellow birch, hemlock and 
white pine mixed forest. Alleghany—transition forest zone.. 73 
Ds Canadian—transifion zone... se 4. ee ee eee 74 
E. Canadian zone. Dominance of red spruce, balsam fir and paper 
inch yes.cacko eek ov. celbicte ied es ot ee eee 76 
F.. Arctic flora of the Adirondack peaks..................55seee ri 
Extra-continental relations of the New York flora...................... 80 
As to the sources of New York flora in general........................ 85 
Development of vegetation as influenced by the substratum and the 
resulting influence upon the substratum............................ 
The developmental sequence of vegetation upona substratum having 
exceasiofswaters -.o. soca ds dalfuts sone eee oe 90 
1. Floating vegetatior of the open water.......................... 90 
Plankton yarn Sch.tcrous tie sci sees Oe Rare A ook en 90 
Normally not free-floating algal vegetation................... 93 
Floating plants of groups higher than algae................... 96 
De SUPMETLeA ACUALICS.. <0) ays cin c,. as bias ee Ate ES SS ee 96 
Submerged aquatics and marl formation...................... 98 
3. Aquatic vegetation with floating or exposed leaves or emerged stems 99 
AreMarshivegetatione aan sac. dc 6s oe kines 101 
@at-tailmarsheste-.2 02 soa) Seen ee eee 103 
5. The marsh-meadow stage of vegetation........................ 105 
6: Swamip-shrub vegetation... /....e.40)090 sed eee 101 
(eubhe swamp iforest:stage'. <4 os.25 )octs ode oye eee 118 
Effect of the swamp forest upon the substratum............... 114 
EDS Pes OL. SWAMP 1OLest..2 5.255.205. eRe bos ae ee 115 
(1) Dominantly coniferous swamp forest................... 116 
a. Balsam swamp forest and balsam flat.............. 116 
b. Mixed conifer'swamp forest.........:..).../).2eee 116 
(2) Mixed conifer and hardwood swamp forest.............. 118 
(3) Dominantly hardwood swamp forest................... 118 
M@heibog, sequence of vegetation: )...22..5. 4! ...40)2 6.5... 2 eee 119 
1. ‘The case of Devil’s Dye-tub at. Tully Lakes’....../...4... ee 123 
2. The case of a small glacial basin or “‘ kettle hole”............... 125 
onyunerease of Bean Ponds 3): ..0'. st eee ae 125 
Geographical distribution of bogs in New York.................... 128 
ChOINGECY POTS DOGS oe. 5.0 st. See ae es eo eae on 129 
