Development of the Vegetation of New York State 59 
which by some are looked upon as relicts of a glacial flora but 
which in any event are cireumpolar in their distribution 
(America, Eur.-Asia) and besides occupy high mountain 
peaks in New York and New England. 
Descending from Marey summit, from Lake Tear of the 
Clouds down to within perhaps two miles of Upper Ausable 
Lake, boreal conifer forest remains dominant, but below 
3000 feet the sugar maple, yellow birch, beech rd hemlock, 
return and with red spruce and balsam. constitute again the 
characteristic forest. Descending rapidly from the Ausable 
Club ground in the sheltered north-south valley (keene Val- 
ley) one is impressed after days of Adirondack vegetation, 
by the presence of oaks, elm, ash, cherry and some other non- 
Adirondack species. But it remains for the stretch from 
Elizabethtown to Westport to carry you into a clear-cut arm 
of Zone C. Within a distance of three miles, walking east 
from Elizabethtown, you can list nearly all of the indicator 
plants of this Alleghany Plateau (in New York) type as seen 
for example at Tully. Finally as you approach within a mile 
or two of Lake Champlain, oaks, hickories, red cedar and 
other species indicate, not a characteristic, but a “ thinned 
out” extension of Zone B. It should be stated in this con- 
nection however that red oak and white oak range farther 
north than others just as in the case of shag-bark and pig- 
nut hickories and so constitute less valuable indicators of 
Zone B as one finds it, for example, in the Hudson valley 
and the Highlands. 
Effects of Plateau Dissection on Zonal Relations. 
The study of certain features of the dissected highk 
deeply cut valleys and the slope and exposure of their ad- 
jacent sides — yields instructive data as to the distribution 
of floristic elements. 
In general the dissection of the plateaus by north-south 
drainage channels leads to a northerly extension of austral 
species... In the Hudson Valley the oak, chestnut, hickory 
1T am indebted to Mr. W. D. Funkhouser of Ithaca for confirmation 
of this statement in the case of certain insect distributions. 
