76 College of Forestry 
spicuous — largely by reason of the absence of others above 
cited — wherever the Canadian type of forest is indicated.! 
Bunch berry = (Chamaepericlymenum (Cornus) cana- 
dense (l.) Asch. and Graeb.). 
Yellow Clintonia (Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.). 
Twin flower (Linnaea americana (Forbes). 
Two leaved Solomon’s =(Unifoliwm canadensis (Desf.) Greene). 
seal 
Stiff club-moss — (Lycopodium annotinum L.). 
Gold thread —=(Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.). 
One-flowered pyrola =(Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray.). 
DistRIBUTION oF D 1n New York. 
In the Catskills from about 2000 feet to 3700 feet (above 
which Canadian Zone forest is indicated by dropping out of 
maples, beech, hemlock and pine) and in the Adirondacks 
generally as climax forest up to 3500 feet more or less. 
Growing season 100 to 130 days more or less. 
E. Canadian Zone. Dominance of Red Spruce, Balsam and 
Paper Burch. 
Indicator species. 
Red spruce 
White spruce 
Black spruce 
Balsam fir 
Paper birch 
Dwarf paper birch 
Mountain ash 
Fetid currant 
(Picea rubens Sargent). 
(Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S.P.). 
(Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). 
(Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). 
(Betula papyrifera Marsh). 
(Betula cordifolia Regel). 
(Sorbus americana Marsh). 
(Ribes glandulosum Grauer). 
HM dP UE UE Wt 
Twin flower — Linnaea americana Forbes.). 
Creeping-snow berry —(Chiogenes hispidula (L.) T. & G.). 
Bunch berry —=(Chamaepericlymenum canadense (1.) 
Asch. and Graeb.). 
(Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.). 
(Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf.). 
(Lycopodium annotinum L.). 
Gold thread 
Yellow Clintonia 
Stiff club moss 
Large-leaved golden 
rod 
Mountain aster 
II Ul II 
(Solidago macrophylla Pursh.). 
(Aster acuminatus Michx.). 
Tendency to increase of boreal (or bog) heath 
shrubs. 
1As a matter of fact pure Canadian forest scarcely exists in the 
Catskills although it is strongly indicated, e. g., on Hunter and Twin 
Mountains. 
