Development of the Vegetation of New York State 77 
Increase in lichens (incident to mountain expo- 
sure /) 
Increase in role of mosses. See Cooper l. c. page 
16. 
DistTRIBUTION OF E1n New York 
Searcely typical on summits of highest Catskills but indi- 
cated by dominance of red spruce and balsam, much some- 
what dwarfed or gnarled topped yellow-birch, and sparse 
paper-birch, and by forest floor species. In the Adiron- 
dacks, the zone of spruce, balsam, paper-birch and mountain 
ash which sueceeds maple, beech, birch, hemlock and white 
pine above 3500 feet more or less, is here referred to the 
Canadian Zone which in its typical composition as described 
by Cooper (1. c. page 16) is the Northeastern conifer forest 
par excellence. For general distribution of the Canadian 
forest type, see Map 3 in Zon’s bulletin on balsam fir already 
referred to.’ 
F. Arctic Flora of Adirondack Peaks. 
Indicator species. 
Fir club-moss = (Lycopodium Selago L.). 
Alpine holy-grass =(Sevastana (Hierochloe) alpina (Sw.) 
Serib.). 
Mountain spear-grass —(Poa lara Huenke). 
Small-flowered wood- —=(Juncoides (Luzula) parviflorum 
rush (Ehrh.) Coville). 
Scirpus-like sedge —(Carer scirpoidea Michx.). 
Highland rush —=(Juncus trifidus L.). 
Bearberry willow =(Saliz Uva-Ursi Pursh.). 
Glandular or scrub 
birch —= (Betula glandulosa Michx.). 
Black crowberry =(Hmpetrum nigrum L.). 
Diapensia —=(Diapensia lapponica L.). 
Lapland rose-bay = (Rhododendron lapponicum (l.) Wahl). 
Moss bush —(Harrimanella (Cassiope) hypnoides 
(L.) Coville). 
Cutler’s alpine golden-—(Solidago Cutleri Fernald). 
rod 
Low rattlesnake-root —(Nabalus (Prenanthes) nanus (Bigel.) 
DE): 
Boot’s rattlesnake-root—=(Nabalus (Prenanthes) Boottii DC.). 
1 Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., 55:1914. Forest Service Contribution. 
