Photo By Ww. Ti: oa 
Fira. 14. Swamp forest showing tussock-forming cinnamon fern. This site 
stands adjacent to the giant white pine in fig. 15 
BRET by Te bs eh Baker. 
Fig. 15. Swamp forest at Tully Lake showing the degree to which the 
substratum is elevated by big trees — in this case a giant white pine. The 
hatchet blade rests on the water soaked muck. The white cloth above it 
marks the highest point of the substratum, nearly four feet above the muck. 
Ground hemlock (Taxus canadensis) is the chief ground cover on this elevation. 
_ Soil borings here show about one foot of muck and beneath this about twelve 
feet of marl lying on gravelly clay. 
