Development of the Vegetation of New York State 123 
Having then a situation which tends toward the develop- 
ment of a substratum as above described, a fundamental 
difference in vegetation types both as to floristic content and 
as to growth form is entailed. The kettle hole, the arm of 
the lake, the shallow basin of an impeded stream-way, may to 
this point have had the sequence of vegetation as described 
for the hydrophytic successions. The floating vegetation, the 
submerged aquatics, the partly emerged, floating leaved 
aquatics may have been — indeed are shown to be — essen- 
tially as described above. 
I am of the opinion that the later successions may go 
forward before the bog closes in, as one may say. The fact 
seems to be that while bog conditions eventually eliminate 
the fresh water (as contrasted with bog water) species, these 
hold their ground with varying degrees of tolerance becom- 
ing gradually a mere remnant of “‘ foreign” flora in the now 
revolutionized habitat. 
1. The Case of Devil’s Dye-Tub at Tully Lake. 
Thus in the above, locally well-known bog, a few plants of 
cat-tail (Typha latifolia), isolated specimens of arrow arum 
(Peltandra virginica) and the small shrub sweet gale, 
together with a bit of decadent (7%) alder thicket still persist 
in the presence of an otherwise typical bog. The position and 
surroundings of this bog suggest a history which confirms the 
opinions here put forward. In the first place, Tully Lakes 
as a whole exhibit a normal and strikingly complete sequence 
of the hydrophytie successions, not perfect at any one point, 
but readily constructed from good illustrations of each stage. 
The bog in question lies in the center of a swamp forest which 
furnishes excellent data for statements made about that type 
of vegetation earlier. The swamp forest bears evidence fully 
reinforced by actual borings) * of having become established 
1 These “‘ borings ” were made with a Davis peat sampler along a line 
extending from the submerged zone of Potamogeton and Elodea in the 
above mentioned arm of Tully Lake to the Devil’s Dye-tub. At the first 
test point — the Potamageton zone in ten feet of water — the sampler 
