128 College of Forestry 
need scarcely point out that again in this case we have 
broached a subject for further and more detailed experimen- 
tal study, particularly since the conclusions here drawn in- 
volve a different interpretation of the relation of bogs and bog 
vegetation to swamps, and swamp vegetation than those 
usually put forward." 
Geographical Distribution of Bogs in New York. 
In general, bogs are of frequent occurrence in the glaciated 
regions but by no means confined to them. Thus cranberry 
bogs are a pronounced feature in the sand barren region of 
New Jersey. No part of New York State 1s without bogs 
but 1t may be said that in the Adirondack region the tendency 
toward bog development is quite general. ‘This may be 
largely due to the edaphic conditions growing out of the char- 
acter of glacial fillmg — blocked streamways and basin for- 
mation — and in part to climatic conditions — prevailingly 
lower temperatures. So far as climatic conditions determine 
a boreal vegetation in general — progressing in intensity 
with elevation — they might also be expected to be operative 
in bog formation. Taking the hydrophytie sequence of vege- 
tation of the Adirondacks generally —sedge marsh, beaver 
meadow, swamp shrub and swamp forest — there is through- 
out a greater nearness to bog conditions than to typical 
swamp. ‘The early presence of Sphagnum in the marsh-sedge 
mat and its continuance on through beaver meadow to forest 
(balsam forest in very wet soils is dwarfed and commercially 
worthless according to Zon. The ground cover is 70% 
mosses, Sphagnum, and others, l. c., p. 5) and, again, the ap- 
pearance of heath shrubs in the beaver meadow or even earlier 
stage, are other constant differences which point to the great 
1 Jn this connection see papers by Dachnowski, Davis, Detmers, Liv- 
ingston, Shaffner, Transeau and others. The literature, especially as 
relates to bog, moor, heath-moorland, etec., is quite voluminous. The 
whole subject is pretty fully presented and full literature citations 
given in Dachnowski’s work previously cited. (Peat Deposits of Ohio.) 
Geol. Surv. of Ohio, fourth series, Bull. 16:1912. Dachnowski, l. ¢., p. 
222, proposed the name * Bog Series ” for the successive vegetation stages 
developing on a peat substratum. 
