148 College of Forestry 
The full course of vegetation has not been made out, but 
observation seems to indicate that, as would be expected, a 
sparse cover of grasses and sand soil annuals is followed by 
the establishment of a (chiefly heath) shrub association which 
strongly persists during the open stand stage of pitch pine 
and is finally thinned out by the closing in of a closer forest 
cover. See Fig. 33. 
The composition of different stages of this sand vegeta- 
tion is given in the following lists of species taken about the 
first of September. 
(a) Prairie aspect. 
Sparse grasses and 
sedges, not deter- 
mined. 
Bracken =(Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). 
Ground Pine =(Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh). 
Rare. 
(Viola subvestita Greene). 
(Lechea Leggettu Brit. & Holl.). 
(Crocanthemum (Helianthemum) . 
Canadense (l.) Britton.) . 
Sand violet 
Pin Weed 
Frost weed 
II UL Al 
Silvery cinquefoil —=(Potentilla argentea I..). 
Savory leaved aster = (Jonactis linariifolius (1.) Greene.) . 
Pale golden rod = (Solidago bicolor L.). 
(b) Heath-shrub. 
Sweet fern —=(Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coul- 
ter). Pure stands. 
Black chokeberry —=(Aronia melanocarpa (Mx.). Brit- 
ton). 
Appalachian cherry =(Prunus cuneata Raf.). Common 
on sand. 
New Jersey tea —=(Ceanothus americanus L.). 
Creeping wintergreen —=(Gaultheria procumbens L.). 
Bear berry —=(Uva-Ursa (Arctostaphylos) Uva- 
Ursi (L.) Britton). 
Black huckleberry —=(Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. 
Koch). Abundant. 
Sheep laurel = Kalmia angustifolia L.). 
New Jersey blueberry —Vaccinium caesariense McKenzie). 
GQr 
Dwarf blueberry = Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). 
Common. 
Blue huckleberry —Vaccinium vacillans Kalm). Pure 
stands. 
Pitch pine = (Pinus rigida Mill.). In open stand. 
