150 College of Forestry 
White birch and aspen are frequent, but not in the open 
pine stand. 
(c) Pitch pine in pure stands with sparse forest floor 
species. 
(4) The Hudson-Mohawk Pine Barrens. 
This sand delta region is crossed by the New York Cen- 
tral and the Interurban railways between Albany and Sche- 
nectady. ‘The occurrence of sweet fern, white birch, aspen 
and pitch pine southward from Gansevoort will indicate the 
occurrence of the Upper Hudson sand delta. 
In general, the striking aspect here is the occurrence of 
pitch pine on the better drained land, sand knolls, ridges, 
ete., and of the American white birch (popple birch) on the 
flat or more poorly drained soils, extending here as often 
noted elsewhere into swampy places. A sand ridge showed 
an almost pure stand of large toothed aspen (Populus grandt- 
dentata Michx.) <A dry depression adjacent showed a char- 
acteristic patch of broom beard-grass (Schizachyrium scopar- 
tum (Mx.) Nash). Sweet fern, blue huckleber ry, New Jersey 
tea and some other shrubs occur very much as at Plattsburg. 
Two scrub oaks not found at Plattsburg are part of the elicaul 
vegetation here; viz., dwarf chestnut oak (Quercus prinoides 
Wild.) and bear oak (Quercus dicifolia Wang). 
(5) Sand Beds of the Syracuse, Phoenix and Rochester 
Districts. 
On the whole, these sands appear to offer better drained 
and aerated soil than types hitherto considered. Perhaps this 
fact, together with more intensive cultivation, will account 
for the general absence of heath-shrub vegetation. Also their 
“warmth” (growing out of better drainage and aeration) 
together with the fact that they le in a region of ameliorated 
climate (Zone B of low elevation and under lake influence) 
will no doubt account for the feature which it is desired to 
emphasize in this connection ; namely, the occurrence of heavy 
growth of chestnut, oaks, hickory and tulip-tree. The finest 
