34 College of Forestry 
lakes show this difference strikingly, that of Seneca Lake 
being sharply V-shaped (Fig. 3), while that of Oneida Lake 
is saucer shaped. (Fig. 2.) It seems evident, from the data 
at hand, that Oneida Lake is of glacial origin and is similar 
in character of formation to Winnebago Lake in Wisconsin. 
There may have been, in preglacial time, a river or stream 
' T 
7 
Dy 
Way! 
DOO NAR 
Pe ey ee 
Fig. 4. Diagrammatic map of the vegetation in Nicholson Bay. 
«Scirpus occidentalis. ! Decodon verticillatus. 
AScirpus americanus. 0 Castalia odorata. 
Scirpus smithii. 0 Nymphea advena. 
~¥Potamogeton natans. Y. Carea. 
A. Sagittaria lati olia. 
x Dianthera americana. 
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 depths of water. 
*Pontederia cordata. 
1 Typha angustifolia. 
that flowed through the territory oceupied by Oneida Lake, 
but if such was the case its presence is not indicated by any- 
thing in the physiography or hydrology of the region. Ac- 
cording to Hopkins (1914, pp. 7, 8) the rock strata beneath 
and around Oneida Lake consist of Clinton Rochester Shales, 
a soft rock, and the Lockport Limestone, a more resistant 
rock. This region had doubtless been reduced to base level 
before the advent of the ice sheet and the bed of Oneida Lake 
was possibly a wide, open flood plain of a meandering pre- 
elacial river. The successive ice sheets (I]linois and Wis- 
