72 College of Forestry 
terrace, surrounds the island. This is notably broad on the 
north, east and south sides, where the water is from 2 to 4 
feet deep, but on the west. side there is an abrupt drop to 
8 feet. A quarter of a mile west of the island the water is 
15 feet deep, and east of the island it is 20 feet deep. 
Habitat 1. Fig. 22. (Field No. 213.) This habitat. is 
a quiet water, pond-like tract, separated from the open lake 
by a ridge, in some places subaqueous, upon which the follow- 
ing plants are growing: 
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occi- Swamp Loosestrife (Decodon vertt- 
dentalis). cillatus) . 
Water Willow (Dianthera ameri- 
cana). 
Inside this lakeward barrier the water lies in a long shallow 
pool, not exceeding 20 inches in depth. The bottom is soft 
silt in spots, for the depth of a few inches, then hard sand or 
clay. It is mostly of firm material. The vegetation is very 
dense and consists of: 
Broad-leaved Arrow-head (Sagit- Water Willow (Dianthera ameri- 
taria latifolia). cand). 
Smith’s Bulrush (Scirpus smithii). Sedge (Carex trichocarpa) . 
Larger Blue Flag (Iris versicolor) . 
The subaqueous terrace on the northeastern side of the 
island is characteristic and clearly shows its origin. The 
material cut from the high part of the island has been ear- 
ried lakeward. forming the wide, submerged terrace. The 
sequence of events as shown here is noteworthy. Below the 
high terrace formed by the island there is an area of stones 
and boulders which represents the first bouldery beach. The 
sandy area in habitat 1 was the deeper water not subject to 
violent wave action. Later the water had been lowered and 
a barrier was formed which arrested the force of the waves. 
This became covered with bushes and other plants, providing 
a very effective barrier. The lake again sorted the material 
on the new beach and the bouldery habitat, No. 2, was the 
result. 
