30 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 
to indicate the best methods of preventing the attack of these fungi 
on cultivated plants. 
Another name, Puccinia Sorghi, Schw., is sometimes applied to the 
fungus under consideration, but as Schweinitz employed it to desig- 
nate also a fungus found on the leaves of Sorghum, and as I have not 
been able to ascertain positively whether the Sorghum fungus is 
really identical with the Indian corn Brand, I have thought it best to 
employ for this the name Puccinia Maydis. 
The three fungi already noticed as inhabitants of Indian corn are 
by no means all the species that attack it in the living state, but they 
are the most common ones that infest it in this vicinity. One or all 
of them can be found in almost every corn field in the latter part of the 
season. Many other species occur on the dead stalks and leaves, es- 
pecially when left lying in damp places. 
Ramularia Fragarie, Pk. Strawberry Ramularia. (Plate 3, figs. 
12-15.) It is by no means an unusual thing to find the leaves of straw- 
berry vines, both cultivated and wild, marked with nearly circular spots. 
These spots have a pale or whitish center in which the leaf tissues ap- 
pear to be dry and dead. They are not ordinarily much more than an 
eighth of an inch in diameter, but they are surrounded by a broad 
border which is dark-red or brownish-red. When the spots are nu- 
merous these colored borders run into each other’ and form discolored 
patches on the leaf. Sometimes the discoloration runs out to the mar- 
gin of the leaf in a broad stripe. On the lower surface of the leaf the 
central part of the spot is not usually as pale as on the upper surface. 
To an ordinary observer the spots alone are seen. The cause of them 
remains a mystery. Some have supposed them to be produced by the 
scalding heat of the sun, others by the stings of insects, and others 
have intuitively imagined that possibly they might be caused by a 
fungus, aud have alluded to them as the ‘‘ strawberry rust.” A fungus 
indeed does produce them but it is not atrue “rust-fungus.” It is one 
so small and so well protected from observation by the similarity be- 
tween its own color and the color of the spot that untrained eyes will 
scarcely detect it. If, however, the white or central part of the spot 
be examined with a magnifying glass it will generally be found to, be 
frosted over with minute white flocculent tufts or mealy-looking par- 
ticles. ‘This is the fertile condition of the fungus. It may not always 
be found in fertile condition. If sterile, nothing but the spot will be 
seen. ‘The fungus consists of three parts : first, the creeping filaments 
which permeate the cells of the leaf, destroying their vitality and natu- 
ral color; second, the minute tufts of short, upright stems, usually 
simple, but sometimes branched ; and third, the long, narrow spores 
which are borne at the top of ‘the stems. ‘The spores are cylindrical, 
and about eight or ten times as long as broad. They are generally 
straight and simple, but occasionally one occurs which is slightly 
curved or which may be divided near the middle by one or two obscure 
transverse partitions. The spores and stems make up the.minute white 
flocculent masses seen upon the surface of the spot. ‘The latter are 
usually a little thicker than the former, but there is not much differ- 
ence in the length of the two. They are found on both surfaces of the 
leaf, but are more abundant on the upper surface. The fungus occurs 
