a 
a / 
‘ ‘ 
Vee 
yi 
‘ 
Mati pe dS Wa terat yi d 
Mist ey 
\ 
} 
Pheri i ae 
Strate Museum or Narurat Hisvory. - 91 
heavy traffic. ' It is a wood which can be easily treated so as to resist 
the attacks of fungi, and such ties have lasted over thirty (80) years 
in actual service. 
The fungi attacking the hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis, Oarr., are 
numerous. 
Agaricus melleus, Vahl. 
A. campanella, Batsch. 
A. porrigens, Pers. 
A. succosus, Pk. 
A, rugosodiscus, Pk. 
A. epipterygvus, Scop. 
Paxillus atrotomentosus, Fr. 
Lenzites sepiaria, Fr. 
Stereum radiatum, Pk. 
The following is a list so far as observed: 
Polyporus lucidus, Fr. 
PE. 
Be 
Vise 
yi 
Wes 
vit 
oP; 
IR: 
benzoinus, Fr. 
epileucus, Fr. 
Vaillantvi, Fy. 
subacidus, Pk. 
medulla-panis, Fr. 
pinicola, Fr. 
abietinus, Fr. 
borealis, Fy. 
This wood does not contain any natural antiseptic or preservative, 
and is readily attacked by a host of fungi, and decays very quickly. 
It is heavier than white cedar, but lighter than the tamarack, and, 
when well preserved by metallic antiseptics, makes a valuable tie. 
The fungi destroying the wood of yellow pine, Pinus palustris, MGl1., 
are Lentinus lepideus, Fr. 
Spheria pilifera, Fr. 
See Fig. I. 
See Fig. ITT. 
Trametes Pini, Fr., and Merulius lacrymans, Fr. 
The first is the most destructive to ties in this vicinity, the decay 
Fig. I. Lentinus lepideus, Fr. on Yellow Pine. 
Showing the fruit of the fungus on, and the mycelium in, 
the wood. The sizeof the fruit varies from an inch to 
eight inches in diameter. 
/ is concerned. 
being most rapid on 
the bottom and 
extending upwards. 
In porous ballast the 
deeper the -ties are 
imbedded the shorter 
the duration of ser- 
vice, so far as decay 
The 
mycelium requires 
considerable moist- 
ure for its growth, 
and some air. 
last which prevents a 
free circulation of the 
latter checks its growth. The sun and wind check its growth and 
oftentimes a tie which looks sound upon the surface will be so badly 
decayed underneath that its removal from the track will be necessary. 
A bal- ~ 
