82 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
communication with railway systems, so that young trees, under the 
existing conditions of rapid transit and improved packing, can be 
safely and cheaply delivered almost anywhere. In cultivating 
conifers one should, in the absence of rank herbage, make use of 
untransplanted seedlings, and insert them, not with a spade, but 
with a single-handed planting-iron. In this way land may often be 
perfectly stocked at a cost not exceeding 12s. per acre, a sum 
generally exceeded by natural regeneration. 
My conviction is that our foresters should very seldom indeed aim 
at a hard and fast system of natural regeneration, but while making 
use of all serviceable advance growth, should depend on artificial 
planting, or, under certain circumstances, on artificial sowing, as the 
mainstay of British sylviculture. 
