130 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
baneful effects of a tainted atmosphere. In the outskirts of towns, 
where the air is purer than amid chimneys pouring forth their 
volumes of smoke, the Lombardy poplar succeeds fairly well, and 
imparts an air of grandeur that could hardly otherwise be obtained. 
The Cucumber Tree (Magnolia acuwminata).—Few planters are 
aware of how valuable the cucumber tree is for withstanding 
the grime and soot of large towns. Experiments have, however, 
resulted in this highly-ornamental and fast-growing tree being added 
to the list. Its ample foliage, yellowish-white fragrant flowers, and 
general contour, eminently fit it for a first place as a town tree. 
Soil of ordinary quality suits its general wants, although it prefers 
a strong, yellowish moist loam. 
The Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera).—Excellent examples 
are not wanting of how valuable a tree Liriodendron tulipifera is 
for towns and streets. It seems to have a wonderful recuperative 
nature, for scorched, blackened, and encrusted as may appear the 
falling-off foliage, yet in the following spring it again puts forth a 
garb of the freshest and richest greenery. The remarkable four-lobed, 
truncate leaves render this tree almost without an equal for orna- 
mental planting, while its undoubted smoke-resisting qualities 
place it high in the rank of town trees. It is not particular as to 
soil. 
The Indian Bean (Catalpa bignonioides).—For various reasons 
this fast-growing tree is to be recommended for planting in smoky 
localities. It grows with vigour in many smoky centres of 
industry, is a tree of handsome proportions, and when fully 
established, flowers freely. The violet-white of the petals of the 
flowers is well set off by the purple and yellow of the throat. A 
valuable trait in the character of the Indian bean is that, should 
accident befall it, and the stem get injured, numerous strong suckers 
are produced, which, as they grow with great rapidity, soon take the 
place of the original. Few soils come amiss to it. 
The common Mulberry (Morus nigra) and the white-fruited 
form (J. alba) may be seen growing satisfactorily in several of the 
old gardens and nurseries of the metropolis, and where they are 
now buried alive, as might be said, in stones and mortar. That 
they are excellent town trees will be admitted by everyone who 
sees the fine specimens in Liverpool and Manchester. 
The Honey Locust (Gleditschia triacanthos) is a tall, spreading 
tree, one of great beauty, and a very suitable subject for planting 
in smoky localities. In many of the worst smoke-infested parts of 
