150 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
the birch, and the wood, of a size too small for the manufacture of 
clogs, to which purpose this tree is chiefly put, is rendered unfit 
to be profitably utilised, unless grown in a district near to a saw- 
mill, where squares may be cut for the bobbin turner. 
The pit-prop trade is brought into requisition for the disposal 
of the small-wood of elm, poplar, larch, fir, etc. The horse chest- 
nut is a favourite turning wood, but meantime suffers under the 
same disabilities as the beech and birch, and is obliged to fall in 
with the others in the pit-wood market. The growing adoption 
of the cross-cutting of all small-wood immediately on the ground 
where it is grown, and stacking it up for a short period, 
effects such a saving in the cost of conveyance as to cause greater 
attention being directed to this hitherto unremunerative branch 
of the timber trade. 
