190 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Class I., 19 m. 6 pf.; IT, 17 m. 6 pf; IIL, 14m: 69piaiee 
12 m. 6 pf.; V., 10 m. 6 pf. per cubic metre (35 feet) ; or, when 
reduced to British equivalents—7d., 6}d., 5d., 43d., and 33d. per 
foot respectively. These figures are obtained after deducting felling 
expenses, so that the prices approximate closely to those obtained 
for Scots fir timber in Scotland, where the greatest number of the 
trees would probably come under Class III. (1 cubic metre, or Scot, 
28 feet). The timber is usually removed from the ground where 
cut by the buyer, generally by means of small timber carriages. 
These are very light, and not much larger than a good-sized hand- 
cart, and are easily moved about by one man when unloaded. 
They consist of two wheels, with a short bar fixed to the axle, two 
of these carriages being required for each load. The method of 
loading them is rather ingenious, and is done with little expenditure 
of labour. It is accomplished by means of a large square wooden 
post, about 6 feet 6 inches in height, which is solid for about a foot 
from the top, and about the same distance from the ground. The 
remaining portion is divided in the centre by a slit about 3 inches 
wide, the two sides being perforated by a double row of holes for 
the reception of iron pins. This post is set up perpendicularly 
beside the tree to be loaded, and propped up by a long wooden 
pole, which fits into a notch at the top. A chain is passed round 
the tree at the point where the post is set up, and the end fixed 
into a hook attached to the end of a short handle about 4 feet long. 
On each side of the point at which the hook is attached are two 
grooves for fitting into the pins which go through the post. The 
end of the handle or lever being placed in the slit, the pins are 
placed beneath it as far up the post as the chain will permit. By 
now alternately raising and depressing the other end of the handle, 
and moving a pin up after each stroke, the end of the tree is 
gradually raised from the ground to the required height, and the 
carriage run beneath it. The tree is then lowered to the axle of 
the carriage, and made fast with a chain, and the other end raised 
in the same way. By these means a man can raise one end of a 
tree, 60 or 70 feet long, and containing 50 feet of timber, 5 or 6 feet 
from the ground, in about a minute after putting the post into 
position ; and the whole tree can be loaded by two men in about 
ten minutes. Two stems usually form a load, one above and one 
slung below the axles, a couple of horses being yoked to the fore 
carriage, to which a pole is attached. 
For removing the timber to the margius of the forests, tramways 
