ON THE CEDAR OF LEBANON, ETC. 207 
the difference which exists in all trees grown in confinement and 
those grown in an open space, its leaves are not so closely huddled 
together upon the branches, and are of a much lighter green. 
The trunk of the cedar grown in a confined space appears to 
acquire a much greater bulk than the larch does, judging by 
what I have seen in the park of Fromont and in M. Guy’s garden, 
the only places in France where I have found cedars grown in a 
confined space, and I compared them with larches similarly 
situated in my own park. ‘‘ When cedars are grown in clumps,” 
Loudon says, Arboretum, vol. iv., p. 2425, “either by themselves 
or mixed with other trees, they increase in size almost as rapidly 
as the larch or the silver fir when exposed to the same treatment; 
and perhaps it suffers no more than any other pine or fir from the 
loss of its side branches.” 
M. Renou says that in the forest of cedars situated near Blidah, 
there is a mixture of these trees, from those of a venerable age to 
plants of one year’s growth, but in some portions the clumps are 
all of one age. 
In the Bulletin des Seances de la Societé Royale et Centrale 
d@ Agriculture, of the month of May 1844, there is a note about 
the cedars of Mount Ciga near Teniat-el-Haad, Algeria, addressed 
by the Minister of War to the President of the Society, in which 
it is stated “the cedars which grow upon the Djebel-Ciga are 
very abundant, and generally very large, but they are found of 
all ages. The cedar propagates itself by seed; this propagation 
is extremely easy, judging by the immense quantity of very young 
cedars with which the ground is covered; but these young trees 
are destroyed during the time of the great heat by the fire which 
the Arabs light in the forests. In those parts of the mountain 
which the fire has spared, the cedars, of from 15 to 20 feet in 
height, are so close together that there is difficulty in getting 
through. The cedars grow upon the northern slope of the moun- 
tain. The ground that they occupy forms a horizontal zone of 
from 600 to 700 yards in breadth by 4 leagues in length; this 
zone of ground is about 1200 feet above the level of the sea.” 
The Cedar of Lebanon can live for a long time upon high 
mountains without decaying, as it is nearly four hundred years 
since mention was first made by modern travellers of the cedars 
on Mount Lebanon ; and these cedars, so remarkable on account 
of their great size, are still in vigorous health. It appears that 
the Cedar of Lebanon cannot survive so long in the plains of 
