214 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
According to Loudon (Arboretum, vol. iv., p. 2412), the date of 
the introduction of the cedar into England is uncertain. Aiton, in 
his Hortus Kewensis, says that it had been introduced in 1683; but 
as this was the year in which the Chelsea cedars were planted, which 
were already 3 feet in height, they must have been introduced 
some years before 1683. The cedar is much more largely cultivated 
in England than in France, but only as an ornamental tree. 
I cannot indicate the best exposure for the Cedar of Lebanon ; 
it appears to thrive in all exposures in the centre of France, but it 
may be otherwise on high mountains, such as the Alps. The finest 
cedars in France are in the valleys; it is the same in England. 
The Cedar of Lebanon is not particular as to soil, and it seems 
possible to grow it in almost any soil. In the old gardens of the 
Tivoli Palace, in Paris, there were a dozen which were thriving well 
in 1844, though the calcareous subsoil was in some places at only a 
foot from the surface. The cedars in the Bois de Boulogne, near 
Paris, were also thriving tolerably well in a very poor soil, but it seems 
that this tree cannot be grown in siliceous soil as poor as that in 
which the P. sylvestris, P. Lavicio, and above all the P. marituma 
can be successfully cultivated. M. de Larminat planted two hundred 
and fifty cedars in 1825, in the forest of Fontainbleau, at the place 
called Gorge-du-Houx, in very poor soil composed of white sand 
under a layer of peat; P. sylvestris and P. maritima being also 
planted there at the same time. In 1844 there only remained 
thirteen out of the two hundred and fifty cedars, and five of these 
had not grown at all, but were quite stunted. The tallest of the 
other eight was 13 feet in height and 1 foot in girth; the P. 
sylvestris of the same age, in the same place, were 35 feet in height 
and 3 feet in girth; the P. maritima, 32 feet and 2 feet 6 inches. 
The bad success of this plantation of cedars must be attributed to 
the aridity of the site, because some which were transplanted by 
M. Bois-D’hiver into good soil, throve afterwards. The soil which 
seems to suit the Cedar of Lebanon best, is a deep sandy loam. It 
is in soil of this nature that the fine cedar at Vrigny is grown ; 
and near London, it is also, Loudon says, in a deep sandy loam 
that they succeed best, as at Syon and Whitton. 
Culture.—It is generally thought in France that it is impossible 
to raise the Cedar of Lebanon successfully, except in pots or in 
boxes which can be protected in winter. Delamarre says, in his 
Truté Pratique, p. 139, “that the repeated attempts he has made 
to raise cedars from seed sown in the open border have failed, and 
