244 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
observations are also made at a height of about 50 feet from the 
ground by means of a stand nailed to the trees, access to which is 
obtained by means of a set of ladders nailed from tree to tree. 
Each enclosure also contains a small office for making the necessary 
entries on the spot, the principal work being carried on in a room 
provided for the purpose in the academy. 
A small fish-hatching station has been erected about an hour’s 
walk from the academy, in a portion of the Eberswalde forest, in 
which artificial trout-breeding is carried on, while several small 
ponds in the vicinity are stocked with trout and carp. 
A small vegetating house at the back of the academy is used 
for experiments in connection with the botanical and soil analytical 
departments, the mentioning of which brings the description of the 
academy’s subsidiary belongings to a close. 
As may be expected, the forests in the vicinity are very extensive, 
and afford a wide field for excursions and instruction. The Ober- 
forstereien specially made use of for purposes of instruction are four 
in number, viz., Eberswalde, Biesenthal, Chroin, and Trienwalde. 
The two former adjoin, and lie to the south and east of the town, 
Chroin lies to the north-east, while Trienwalde lies at a consider- 
able distance to the south-east. The three former are intersected 
by the railway between Stettin and Berlin, while the last-named is 
also connected with Eberswalde by a branch line, so that every 
facility is afforded for reaching their farthest limits without loss of 
time. Other extensive forests lie within a short distance, so that 
no lack of material for observation exists in any direction. The 
total area of the three Oberforstereien in the immediate vicinity is 
about 40,000 acres, the greater part of which is under Scots fir 
forest, although large areas are also under beech and oak, while 
much of the better class of soil is gradually being converted into 
permanent beech or oak forest by underplanting or undersowing 
the fir. The surface of the Eberswalde and Biesenthal portion is 
flat or only slightly undulating, while the other parts are generally 
hilly, and contain a greater variety of localities, The greater part 
of the soil in all four is sand, and nothing but sand, although 
numerous beds of clay, marl, etc., exist here and there over the 
whole, and much of the low-lying land is peaty. The chief 
feature of the district is the number of large lakes which occur in 
the hollows, several of which are over 100 acres in extent, and 
form noteworthy objects in the landscape. The forests are under 
the control of the director of the academy, while the principal 
