TREES BEST ADAPTED FOR VARIOUS SOILS. 261 
are numbers of large beech trees growing on a deep bed of gravel, 
overtopped by a few inches of yellow loam. 
Clay Soil.—The soil here referred to was genuine clay, entirely 
devoid of stones, and without a particle of sand or loam in it. It 
occurred on the slopes, and for some considerable distance from 
the sides, of one of the park roads on an estate in England; and 
as the drive was likely to be largely used by the owner of the 
property, the getting up of shelter and an ornamental fringe at 
the same time, was a matter of much importance. Pits were dug, 
and the soil taken out was thrown loosely up for about a month 
previous to planting. No fresh soil was added at time of planting. 
Nearly fifty kinds of trees and shrubs were used, but out of all 
these only about half-a-dozen are doing well, the others having 
gradually died out, or become so rusty and miserable-looking 
that their removal was compulsory. First among the trees that 
have succeeded is the Giant Arbor-Vite, which seems to revel in 
what is generally considered the most unkindly of soils. For 
some years after being planted the annual shoots measured 
15 inches in length, and the only difference between these 
trees and others of the same kind planted on rich alluvial 
deposit was the rather paler hue of the foliage. The branches 
and foliage were plentifully produced, while the stems were 
as straight and clean as could be desired. Even at the present 
time, after being planted fourteen years, all the specimens are 
in excellent health, and seem quite at home on their exposed 
and clayey site. Cryptomeria japonica has likewise done well ; 
but there were not half so many planted of it as of the Arbor-Vite. 
The trees are hardly so tall as might be expected, from the number 
of years they have been planted; but they are bushy and well- 
furnished specimens. In colour of foliage these Cryptomerias are 
not so intense a green as others growing under more favourable 
conditions. Cupressus macrocarpa has done fairly well on the 
clay; the growth certainly has not been rapid, but for all that the 
general appearance of the tree is the reverse of what one might 
expect from the unfavourable nature of the soil. Generally 
speaking, the trees of this kind are bushy and picturesque, and 
with bright healthy foliage. he Indian Cedar (Cedrus Deodara) 
we have found to be peculiarly well suited for planting on a clay 
soil. Not only is the bright silvery tint, that is so characteristic 
of this cedar when well grown, discernible in these clay-grown 
specimens, but the rate of growth is fairly rapid, and the drooping 
