328 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
transplanted plants is very great, and experience has proved that the 
results are anything but correspondingly good. On the contrary, 
in such places as this paper refers to, it is found that the larger 
the plants of the pine tribe used, the higher is the death-rate. 
This is due to the greater mutilation of the roots of the larger 
plants, parching of the plants by drying winds immediately after 
planting, and their liability to be shaken about and loosened by 
storms during the first year or two of their existence. These are 
facts so well known as to hardly require mentioning here; but, at 
the same time, while they are generally true, it sometimes happens 
that there may be spaces in large areas where it is necessary, from 
various causes, to plant larger plants than seedlings. Only where 
necessity demands it, however, should the system be practised. 
It will be readily understood that the cost of stocking some 
kinds of land will be more than the estimates I have given, and 
some will be less, according to the cost of labour and other local 
circumstances. It must also be borne in mind that where such 
large numbers of plants are required, the cost of purchasing these 
may be reckoned as at least 10 per cent. less than the sums 
stated in the tables, which have been calculated at current prices; 
and in the seedling class a much greater reduction may be given 
on large orders, If orders be given two years in advance, as much 
as 40 per cent. of a reduction may be allowed, and this is a 
point worthy of the attention of those intending to plant on a large 
scale. That being so, the cost of plants under No. I. system 
would be reduced by £285, under No. II. system by £553, and 
No. III. by £898—a very considerable saving on initial cost, and 
in every way worthy of serious consideration. 
It will be seen from the list of plants I have given that no note 
has been taken of exotics, but the reason for this is very obvious. 
I may say, however, that if early orders are given for these, a 
reduction in the price of 50 per cent. may be secured, thus lower- 
ing prices to a very reasonable figure. When it is borne in mind 
that about one hundred of these exotics are sufficient for an acre, 
mixed with larch, Scots fir, and silver fir, as nurses, it is not, after 
all, so very expensive to raise plantations of those trees in suitable 
soils and situations. 
Management for first twenty years. 
As to the proper manage- 
ment of the plantation during the period of twenty years after 
planting, much depends upon circumstances. Should the work be 
carried out in a general way, as indicated in the foregoing pages, 
