16 
IV. For an approved Essay on Pruning of Trees, alike from a 
Sylvicultural and an Arboricultural point of view ; describing in 
detail the principles that should guide the practice, the methods 
to be followed in the practice, the effects produced, and the 
results to be aimed at. (/ive Guineas offered by the President 
of the Society, Isaac Bayley Balfour, M.D., D.Sc., Professor of 
Botany, Edinburgh University.) 
Yote.—Both Coniferous and Dicotyledonous trees must be dealt with in 
the Essay, but the pruning of fruit trees is excluded. 
VY. For an approved Essay on the best methods of Pruning 
Avenue and Park Trees, keeping in view the production of timber 
and the landscape effect ; also on the best methods for renovating 
old Park Trees. (Szlver Medal offered by Wm. M. Welsh, Esq., 
of Messrs Dicksons & Co., 1 Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.) 
VI. For an approved Essay on the advantages of forming 
Belts of Plantations on Hill Pasture Land. (Three Guineas or 
Medal offered by John Methven, Esq., Leith Walk Nurseries, 
Edinburgh.) 
The author to give details of the best method of laying out the plantations, 
their proper width, the best system of draining and fencing, and the 
most suitable varieties of trees to be grown. 
VII. For an approved Report on the Newer Conifer growing 
in any County in Scotland. (A Medal.) 
The Report to give the age, height, and girth of stem at 5 feet up, of the 
best trees of each species; the diameter of spread of branches of 
ornamental specimens ; the altitude, aspect, and exposure, and the 
nature of the soil and subsoil where they grow. Details should be 
given of any special merit or feature displayed in their habit and 
rate of growth, and of their qualities and uses for economic or 
ornamental purposes, 
VIII. For an approved Essay on the Valuation of Woods 
or Plantations for the purpose of Transfer. (A Medal.) 
The writer to describe the method (a) of valuing matured woods, 
(b) middle-aged woods, (c) park trees and others that may be, 
in addition to their value as timber, considered as ornamental, 
(d) young woods, and (e) coppice. 
1X. For an approved Report on the Plantations of which the 
competitor is Forester. Reporter to state the extent of planta- 
tions, the kinds of timber grown, soil, situation, age, management, 
etc. This is a standing subject. (A Medal.) 
