40 



whatever.* {d) There still remain to be accounted for two 

 badly worn teeth, which can either be attributed to another 

 mastodon, or as cast-off teeth of one of the foregoing. 



The presence of a very 3'oung mastodon is indicated not 

 only by the fragments of teeth already referred to, but by 

 several smaller and badly decomposed bones, viz. : 



A portion of a left humerus, 



A right tibia, and 



A ver^' small acetabulum. 



The first two were removed from the excavations only 

 with the utmost difficulty and, afterward, had to be put 

 together with the greatest care, as they contained, upon 

 unwrapping, fifteen and twenty-eight pieces respectivel}- . 



For the first time in south-western Ohio, small bones, 

 other than mastodon, were found with these remains. An 

 interior molar of an extinct variety of horse {Eqmis frater- 

 71US Leidy), which was contemporary with the Mastodon; 

 also, a lumbar vertebra of one of the same class of animals, 

 was removed by the writer, who can, therefore, vouch for 

 their genuineness. 



But the greatest value of this find consists, not in the 

 number of animals represented, but in the character of some 

 of the parts. 



The only complete jaw which was recovered is not onl}' 

 from a very old specimen (the excessive amount of wear to 

 which the last molars have been subjected proves this), but 

 also, it bears hi'o well-developed tusks. Prof. E. D. Cope 

 has said,t "In some of the species referred above to Mas- 

 todon, mandibular tusks are present in the 3'oung, and 

 occasionally one is retained to maturity, as sometimes seen 

 in M. ainericanus. But such individuals are exceptional 

 among their species." Therefore, the most important revela- 

 tion of this "find" is the presence of two mandibular tusks 

 in an animal which has been satisfactorily proved to be of 

 great age. 



* This opinion has been substantiated by Prof. E. D. Cope. 

 tProf E. D. Cope, on "The Proboscidia," in the American Natiir 

 alist, for April, 1889. 



