INTRODUCTION. 7 



will inform the reader who wishes to pursue the subject further, 

 where to obtain additional information. 



Professor Tight whose previous researches have been 

 largely carried out in the Muskingum and Hocking valleys has 

 extended his work down the present Ohio valley as far as Man- 

 chester, in Adams county, where he locates a col which marked 

 the line of division between the waters flowing east in the present 

 bed of the Ohio and those flowing west. As some statements 

 in the present paper can not be understood by those who are 

 not aware of his discoveries in this region, it may be well to say 

 that he has demonstrated that Kanawha river in preglacial 

 times flowed westward from St. Albans, past Guyandotte, to 

 the Scioto, and followed that valley northward. Into this river 

 flowed all the creeks and rivulets rising east of the Manchester 

 col. Beyond Circleville it has not been traced, as the old valley 

 is obliterated by the drift deposits of the ice-sheet. Some data 

 are at hand, however, as mentioned in Professor Bownocker's 

 paper, indicating that it pursued a westerly course and left the 

 State somewhere about the Celina reservoir. 



The history of the Little Miami, as worked out by Professor 

 Bownocker, is important in that it shows the general tendency 

 of the drainage of southern Ohio toward the north and west. 

 This would not be the case unless there was an outlet for the 

 waters in that direction, such as old Kanawha seems to have 

 furnished. 



The chief value of Doctor Todd's article is to be found in 

 the evidence which it presents that vast changes following the 

 advent of the ice-sheet were by no means confined to the imme- 

 diate region of the Muskingum and the Ohio, but reached to the 

 borders of the Lakes, thus showing a probable northern out- 

 let for the waters in that direction also. 



The concluding paper treats of the Ohio river from the 

 point where Professor Tight leaves it. The old waterways in 

 this section being more plainly marked and less complicated 

 than they are further east, the labor of deciphering has been less 

 difficult. 



A great field is opened up for those who are to continue 

 these researches. There is probably not a stream in the State, 



