66 THE PREGLACIAL DRAINAGE OF OHIO. 



hills, from a point in the axial channel that is more than no 

 feet below its present bed ; and second, that the rivulets from 

 the innumerable springs that line its border, throug-h all of 

 Sugar Creek township to Stark county, have their primal direc- 

 tion with the strike of the strata, which is contrary to the present 

 course of the stream. 



Now the law of the other channels and coal hill fissures 

 being applied to this would show the stream to be reversed. 

 Nearly the same features with the same expressions are found 

 m Newmans Creek for six miles across Baughman township, 

 with this addition, the old dismal swamp of which this stream is 

 the remains was shaped like an Indian arrow head, the point 

 driven into the coal hills as far as the Stark County line, and 

 along its sides coal banks facing each other, and all entered by 

 drifts. The shoulders of the dart on the north and south are rep- 

 resented by short preglacial channels entering from the hills, 

 while the stem is pictured by the mouth of the swamp as it 

 entered the Orrville glacial lake. There is neither coal nor 

 conglomerate under the swamp, but its margin is marked all 

 around by conglomerate, and the environing hills are coal from 

 the base of the dart to its point. The mines on its opposite sides, 

 across the shaft of the arrow, are but half a mile apart, while ai 

 the barbs the hills are two miles apart, and the stem at its neck 

 is half a mile broad, but it widens to near three miles where it 

 enters the lake. It seems plain that this dismal swamp or 

 "Shades of Death," as the pioneers called it, marked the line 

 of a preglacial channel tending north and west. 



The direction of the next preglacial channel was north- 

 west from the coal hills to the axial channel, and is now indicated 

 by Patton Lake, Fox Lake and Red Run, all located end to 

 end in the Tamarack swamp, which is a marsh on the side of 

 a hill. 



. The next channel, that through which the Chippewa Creek 

 now flows to form the head of the Tuscarawas River, is from 

 a scientific point of view the most important of all, for it has of 

 late been a mooted question where the Chippewa Lake and the 

 Sterling channels sent their waters in preglacial times. 



