Travels and Botanical Investigations in East-Greenland. 293 
= 
In March the зап begins once more to gather strength, and the 
temperature-variations in 24 hours become considerable, yet pene- 
trate but slowly into the snow. The insolation is powerful. With a 
temperature of the air of — 11° a thermometer with green reservoir 
showed on the 18th of March + 28° when lying free upon the moss. 
The snow melts and evaporates on south-rocks (fig. 9, p. 53). 
A few plants (Cerastium alpinum, fig. 11, p. 56) awake to life here, 
but are soon killed by the nightfrost, and the light is as yet so 
feeble that Rhodiola (fig. 10, p. 54) can only form etiolated shoots 
by temperature of the room. Still in April no leaf in the open air 
contained starch, even if the temperature was positive, and all win- 
tered leaves which had not red cell-sap died away as well as the 
branches of Salix glauca in so far as they had been snowless (fig. 12, 
p. 58, above the line) in January—March. Draba hirta. wintered 
flowerbuds in the raceme, which did not develop any further, while 
the youngest buds in the top-umbel flowered next summer. Towards 
the end of April the slopes became free of snow; on the 21th of 
April the snow-sparrows arrived; in the first days of May were seen 
living Dorthesia Chiton and Vitrina angelicae under faded leaves and 
one caterpillar and spiders above these. Alchimilla, Polygonum, 
Campanula, Silene begin to shoot new leaves. The insolation is con- 
siderable on the surface of the ground, but much slighter at a height 
‘of 20cm. The warmth penetrates far into the snow, and the top- 
most 5—10 centimeters of the earth are thawed on snowless bottom. 
On pag. 65 is seen a list of the buddings of the springflowers. 
The first column shows the observation of the first bud, the second 
that of the first flower, the third: general flowering. 
Last in May and first in June are noted of living insects: Cocci- 
nella transversoguttata and Byertes fasciatus, May 24.; Hirundo (ru- 
stica), June 14.; Colymbetes dolabratus, Hydroporus atriceps, Limno- 
philus griseus, June 8.; Scatophaga litorea, Calliphora groenlandica; 
Trichocera hiemalis, Bombus balteatus, Lycosa groenlandica, Baella sp., 
Podura sp., June 10. 
The summer excursions began on the 18th of June 1902. We 
arrived’ at Kingak, where the catching of Mallotus arcticus was in 
full activity and nearly the whole of the population collected in 13 
tents. This from an economical point of view important fish breeds 
only on this spot alone of the whole eastern coast. Besides this 
were caught a few fishes here"). At the next tentplace Kingorsuak 
(fig. 15, p.75 and map) the northeast-side of the fjord is covered with 
1) Account of the zoological results of the expedition is found in Medd. о. Gronl., 
29th parth. 
