298 CHR. KRUUSE 
Weathering gravel and sand abound with nourishment for plants; 
the watered out river sand and marine sand is very meagre arena- 
ceous quartz. All soils suffer from the want of nitrogen. Organic 
materials are scanty; mild humus is not found as rainworms, lumb- 
rics, are wanting, but well organic detritus. 
Heatherturf-formation is considerable, and peat is but of trifling 
occurrence. As culture-soil the manured spots around tentplaces, 
houses and houseruins, rich in organic decaying products (nitrogen) 
may be considered. 
The Ground water (p. 215—16) 
plays an important part. Oozing water in the early summer acce- 
lerates the development of the vegetation; stagnant water is very 
hampering. Large deep lakes are devoid of plants. 
Meteorological Facts (р. 216—24). 
From the list on page 217 is seen that the temperature May— 
September was positive, whereas for the remaining months of the 
year it is below the freezing-point. The degree of moisture in the 
air is low in the winter-months, during the summer-months obser- — 
vations could not be made. The winds are in winter prevailingly 
NE., in summer S., but calms prevail in most of the months of 
the year. 
Rain does not fall in the first 3 months of the year, and snow 
not in June—Septb. Observations during the voyages are seen in 
the lists, p. 218—19, according to the shema: 
| & 2 | д [Into the earth 
ЕЕ 
Locality Date Hour | | аб © 3 Remarks 
PURES = 2 
| 5 REISE lem | 5cm 
| 
| 
| | | 
The downpour is slight in the summerhalfyear and insufficient 
for the vegetation, which is nourished by the meltingwater from 
drifts and glaciers. The snowfall is considerable, but the snow-cover 
is very irregular. Windopen plateaux are nearly permanently snow- 
free, whereas hollows, slopes and valleys may have from 5—10 m 
snow. 
The Thickets (p. 225—39). 
The thickets are defined as homogeneous dense growths of 
bushes which rise above the vegetation of the bottom in contra- 
distinction to the heather-moor where the herbs stand in the inter- 
