Travels and Botanical Investigations in East-Greenland. 301 
under an intermittent snowlessness in positive temperature in winter. 
Fruit which is kept through the winter in unripe state does not 
develop next spring. 4—11 days and nights after snowlessness assi- 
milation and flowering take place in Empetrum. The flowering 
plants of the heather-moor are mentioned on page 254—55, divided 
in 3 groups: common, rather frequent but not characteristic, and 
rare. Mention is made of Empetrum-heath with xerophilous cha- 
racter, Vaccinium-heath with more hydrophilous characterization, and 
finally little associations of Rhododendron with Diapensia, Tofieldia 
and Pinguicula on very damp bottom. At one single place is found 
a pure Cassiepe tetragona-heath contiguous to a Dryas rocky-flat 
formation; both seem to belong to a far more northerly flora-territory, 
such as is found around Scoresby-sund. 
Moss-Moor (p. 257). 
The moss-moor is a complete cover chiefly made up of mosses 
(and Hepaticae) with sparsely intermingled vascular plants; it is 
found only on 8 birds’ islands. The moss-moor differs from the 
moss-tundra of West-Greenland by its dry character, which is due 
to the dryness of the climate occasioned by the polar-current. The 
vegetation is mentioned on pages 72 and 83. 
The, Vegetation of the Rocks (p. 260). 
The steep upper sides of the mountains are often divided into 
steps of 5—40 cm breadth and 1—20 cm height, which carry a little 
earth inmost against the steepside. They are watered by warmed 
meltingwater, but most often dry up towards the fall. The tempe- 
rature of the bottom may vary 20—30° in a day and night. The 
vegetation (mentioned on page 261, first list common plants, second 
list rare plants) consists chiefly of perennial herbs. The occurrence 
of bushes .is of no consequence, no more is that of mosses and 
lichens. 
Rocky-Flat Formation (p. 263). 
By rocky-flat formation is understood a vegetation which is to 
such a degree scattered and open that the bare bottom appears 
nearly everywhere. It may be found on all localities, flat as well 
as rugged, and with any kind of exposition. The snow-cover is thin 
and is broken open; the rocky-flat formation is often snowless in 
winter. The soil is loose gravel or sand, which is often relaid by 
the gales. The erosion is great. Mould or other humuslike materials 
are wanting or but sparely met with. Water is never present in 
sufficient quantities. The rocky-flat formation is divided into 1) The 
