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of the sea on our continents, since there are no sea shells 

 mixed with them, and they are not covered by any other 

 beds ; that the bones, stones, and other matters, have fallen 

 successively into the clefts, and that the stones have pro- 

 ceeded from the rock itself; that the bones are of herbivor- 

 ous animals, and that the greatest number belong to known 

 animals, and even to those which still exist in those parts; 

 and that the formation of these breccias is modern, compared 

 with the great strata of stone, and with the alluvial strata 

 containing the bones of unknown animals ; but is still ancient 

 with respect to us, since some of them contain the bones 

 of unknown animals. But the phenomenon which, in the 

 opinion of Cuvier, is most interesting, is the facility with 

 which these rocks appear to have been thus divided by 

 clefts in which these substances have been deposited. 



Pachydermata. — Elephant: fossil remains of this genus 

 have been found in many parts of Europe, and, indeed, in 

 most parts of the known world. That the East-Indian and 

 African elephants are specifically different is now well 

 known. This is most obvious in the structure of the teeth: 

 the plates of which the teeth are chiefly formed, are com- 

 posed of the bony part of the tooth, surrounded by enamel, 

 and held together by a connecting substance, the crusta 

 petrosa. In the East-Indian elephant these plates, disposed 

 across the tooth, are flat, and, all through of an equal thick- 

 ness, their sides being covered with numerous rough longi- 

 tudinal striae ; but, in the African, the form of the lamellae 

 is different, being more lozenge-formed ; an angular vertical 

 projection on the middle of their sides, keeping these lamellae 

 at a greater distance from each other at their ends, and 

 necessarily occasioning there to be fewer plates than in the 

 Indian. These plates, in both species, terminate inferiorly 

 in digitated or rather radical processes, which appear on the 

 surface when the tooth is worn down low. 



