319 



No peculiarity of character is discoverable in the tusks 

 of the fossil elephant. 



Elephantine remains are generally found in the looser 

 and more superficial parts of the earth, in various parts of 

 the world. They have been found, as has been already 

 mentioned, in some of the caverns containing animal re- 

 mains, and frequently in thin grey-coloured beds on the 

 surface of the London clay. 



Rhinoceros. — There appear to be three existing species 

 of rhinoceroses : — 1. That o^ India : a unicorn with a rugous 

 coat ; with incisors, separated, by a space, from the grinders. 

 — 2. That of the Cape : a bicorn ; the skin without rugae, 

 and no incisors. — 3. Tliat of Sumutra : a bicorn ; the skin 

 but slightly rugous, thus resembling that of the Cape ; but 

 having incisive teeth, like that of India. In every adult 

 rhinoceros there are twenty-eight grinders ; seven on each 

 side at the top and bottom. In the lower jaw are two large 

 incisors, placed at the anterior angle ; and between these 

 are two very small incisive teeth, which remain concealed 

 within the gums. There are also two large incisors in the 

 upper jaw ; and Cuvier has discovered, that there are also 

 two very small incisors, which are disposed contrary to those 

 of the lower jaw, on the outside of the large incisors. 



The fossil remains of the rhinoceros have generally been 

 found in similar situations to those in which the elephantine 

 remains are met with ; in Germany, at Darmstadt, Gruben- 

 hagen, on the banks of the Rhine, in the neighbourhood of 

 Cologne, in Westphalia, and in various parts of France. 

 The fossil remains of this animal have also been found in 

 several parts of this island; in Warwickshire, Gloucester- 

 shire, Essex, and Middlesex. 



We are indebted to Cuvier for ascertaining, by various 

 comparisons of the fossil remains with the skeleton and with 

 the living animal, that the. animal whose fossil remains have 



