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South America. The differences were, that, in the tapir of 

 South America, all the molares have their crown divided 

 into two transverse risings, of an equal width ; but, in the 

 fossil animal, the three first molares, instead of transverse 

 risings, have a kind of points or pyramids, the foremost 

 of which is larger than that which is behind it. The 

 anterior part of the muzzle is more narrow and long in 

 the common tapir than in the fossil animal. In the tapir, 

 also, the first molar is longer than any of the four or five fol- 

 lowing ones ; but, in the fossil jaw, this is the shortest. 

 M. Cuvier named this animal, the small fossil tapir. 



A molar tooth was found in the neighbourhood of 

 Vienna, and which appeared to have belonged to some 

 large animal, supposed to resemble the tapir. Another 

 specimen was found near St. Lary, in Couserans ; and 

 similar teeth are said to have been also found in Italy. 

 But the most illustrative specimens were two halves of a 

 jaw, with five molar teeth in each, found at Comminge, by 

 the side of Breine. 



The teeth of the recent tapir are divided by five trans- 

 verse risings. Similar risings on the crown are observable 

 in the teeth of the lamantin (trichecus manatus), and in 

 those of the kangaroo. Such an agreement was discoverable, 

 by Cuvier, in the teeth and in other circumstances between 

 the tapir and the fossil animal, as induced him to consider 

 these fossil remains as having belonged to a large animal, 

 approximating to the known tapir, but which, he supposed, 

 must have been one-fourth taller than the rhinoceros ; this 

 animal he calls, the large fossil tapir. 



Mastodon. — The fossil remains of this enormous animal 

 were first discovered in Albany, in New England, rather 

 more than one hundred years since ; it being then described 

 as a prodigious unknown animal, having the tusks of the 

 elephant, with the grinders of the hippopotamus. 



