ig2I. No. II. THE STRAXDFLAT AND ISOSTASY. 245 



XVI. THE STRANDFLAT AND THE LATEGLACIAL 



AND POSTGLACIAL SUBMERGENCE 



OF FENNO-SCANDIA. 



As was pointed out already years ago by J. H. L. Vogt [1907, 

 pp. 38 ff.] and by the present writer [1904, pp. 126 ff. and 200 ff.], there 

 is a striking difference between the fairly uniform, nearly horizontal level 

 of the Norwegian strandfiat and the varying, generally much higher levels 

 of the raised beaches and shore-lines which slope seawards from the inner 

 land. This relation between the strandfiat and the raised shore-lines, 

 formed later, was held by the writer to be convincing evidence of the 

 isostasy (jf the earth's crust. 



The important fact that the raised lateglacial and postglacial shore- 

 lines slope from the inner land towards the outer coast has been established 

 for Norway as well as for Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula by 

 the investigations of a great many authors. The following may be 

 especially mentioned: Bravais [1838], R. Chambers [1850], Gerard de Geer 

 [1890, 1898], Andr. M. Hansen [1891], H. Munthe [1892, 1900], A. G. 

 Hogbom [1896, 1899, 1904], Amund Heiland [1900], J. Rekstad and 

 J. H. L. Vogt [Vogt 1900], W. C. Brogger [1900], W. Ramsay [1898], 

 J. Rekstad [1905 — 07, 1910], V. Tanner [1906, 1907], A. Hoel [1907], 

 J. H. L. \*ogt [1907], P. A. Oyen [several papers], Kaldhol [1912], 

 Danielsen [1905, 1906, 1909, 1912], Gronlie [1913 — 14, 1918]. 



A great many American geologists after Gilbert [1882, 1890], Russell 

 [1885], Warren Upham ^1887], and others have found that the raised 

 shore-lines of North America are tilted, and that the lateglacial and post- 

 glacial shore-lines have a distinct inclination outwards from the central 

 areas of the regions which were covered by an inland ice during the last 

 glacial period; other quite local shore-lines were also found tilting out- 

 wards from the centre of a region formerly covered by the water masses 

 of a great lake (Pake Bonneville). 



The postglacial upheaval of the land has also there been greatest in 

 the central parts of the ice-covered regions, diminishing outwards to nil 

 near its outskirts. The details, however, of this upheaval have not yet 

 been studied in so much detail as in Fenno-Scandia. 



