I92I. No. II. THE STRAXDFLAT AND ISOSTASY. 275 



level and below high-water level are convincing proof that, during the 

 long time needed for the formation of these ledges, the level of the shore- 

 line cannot have changed more than one or two metres at most. 



The recent shore-ledges, 8 to lo metres broad, cut in fairly resistant 

 solid rock (dolomite and gabbro with bands of syenite), in Kvænangen, 

 just above high-tide level, described by Thorolf Vogt, are still more con- 

 vincing proof that the present relation between land and sea-level cannot 

 have changed much, perhaps one metre at most, for a very long time in 

 that northern region. 



Hence we may then conclude that the postglacial upheaval of the land 

 has been very nearly completed along the wJiole of the zvest and north 

 coast of Fenno-Scandia, from Christiania Fjord to the Kola Peninsula, 

 but there is a possibility that, in the inner parts of the fjords, c. g. in 

 inner Sogne Fjord, and along the coast of Helgeland, the land may still 

 have to rise some few metres before the upheaval is quite completed. 



By the find of a bronze-celt imbedded in the marine layers of a ter- 

 race (4 metres above present- sea-level) between Skien and Porsgrund, in 

 southern Norway, W. C. Brogger [1916] has shown that the land in that 

 region may probably have risen about 9 or 10 metres since the fourth 

 period of the Bronze Age (about 1000 years B. C). He thinks, however, 

 that the upheaval of the land in south-eastern Norway was practically 

 completed in the beginning of the Iron Age, and before the Christian era. 



The Lateglacial and Postglacial Submergence and Emergence in 

 Central and Eastern Fenno-Scandia and in Jutland. 



If we now try to compare our results with the process of upheaval 

 in regions further east in Fenno-Scandia (Sweden and Finland) and in 

 Denmark we meet with several difficulties, as the conditions have been 

 more complicated in those regions during the periods of upheaval. 



First. A great part of Sweden and some part of Finland was still 

 covered by the retreating ice-cap when the upheaval after the lateglacial 

 submergence began, and even a long time after that. Hence the highest 

 marks of marine action now fovmd in those regions date from a period 

 subsequent to the retreat of the ice, when the land had already been 

 elevated to some extent. Their level, "the upper marine limit", is there- 

 fore lower than the upper limit of submergence, and the difference may 

 obviously be considerable in some regions, especially in Swedish Norrland. 



Secondly. By the warping of the land surface the Baltic was during 

 some part of the lateglacial and postglacial period transformed into a 

 fresh-water lake, with levels higher than the actual sea-level. The height 

 of the raised shore-lines will, therefore, have to be corrected accordingly 

 in order to give the depression of the land below actual sea-level. 



