238 DESCRIPTION OF CHALK CORALS. 
physiology, was based on purely external forms, no allusion being made to the 
properties which produce a single or a fasciculated mode of growth, or to those 
which give rise to a branched development ; it will consequently be advisable to 
consider Lamarck’s species with reference to the manner of reproduction in an 
individual specimen. They may be grouped as regards this important character 
under three heads :-— 
Ist. Single stems which do not produce lateral buds or shoots, and propagate 
by ejected ova or germs, as—i. Cary. cyathus, No. 1 of Lamarck. 
2ndly. Species which, in addition to ejected ova or germs, develope lateral buds, 
as—i. C. calycularis, ii. C. fasciculata, iii. C. astreata, iv. C. musicalis, v. C. 
flexuosa, vi. C. cespitosa, vii. C. anthophyllum, viii. C. cornigera, ix. C. ramea : 
being Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 of Lamarck. 
3rdly. Species which branch by terminal subdivisions, as—i. C. fastigiata, ii. C. 
angulosa, ii. C. sinuosa, and iv. C. carduus; or Lamarck’s Nos. 12, 13, 
14 & 15. 
One species, C. trunculus (No. 3 of Lamarck), is omitted in this distribution, as 
it does not appear to have been figured, and its mode of producing additional 
cavities is not mentioned. Of the other fourteen species, the first of the above 
groups contains only one; the second, nine; and the third, four species. Were 
the genus therefore restricted according to the primary character on which they 
are founded, Caryophyllia should, it is conceived, be applied to the second group, 
on account of its numerical importance. It admits however of well-marked 
divisions based on the character of the mantle. 
a. Species the exterior of which is wholly enveloped by the mantle, as—i. C. 
ramea, and ii. C. calycularis. 
b. Species in which only the upper extremity of the branch is covered, as—i. C. 
fleauosa, 1. C. cespitosa, ii. C. anthophyllum ? and iv. C. cornigera. 
c. Species provided with a mantle which forms an intermediate structure, as— 
i. C. fasciculata, 1. C. astreata, and ii. C. musicalis. 
For the first subdivision (a.) as respects C. ramea, M. De Blainville' proposed 
the genus Dendrophyllia, and it is believed he was fully justified in doing so: C. 
calycularis is assigned to the above position in consequence of a recent coral pre- 
sented to me by Sir C. Lyell, and obtained off Prince’s Island, west coast of 
Africa, by Lieut. Holland, R.N , agreeing in all its characters and dimensions 
with Esper’s figure, the first quoted by Lamarck. Dr. Milne Edwards states® 
" Man. d’Actinologie, p. 354. * Pflanzenthiere, Madrepora, tab. 16. 
> Anim. sans Verteb., ed. 1836, t. ii. p. 348. 
