54 DANIEL BRUUN. 
Greenland, as they say there are very big icebergs over there”, Now 
the crew wished to land, they pretended that they lacked fuel and water, 
but Bjarni was not to be induced to comply with their wishes. He said 
it was only an excuse on their side, therefore he turned the bows of the 
boat from land and sailed before a south west wind for three days, after 
which they again sighted land. This country was mountainous and 
covered with glaciers. But Bjarni would not land here either; he 
thought, that neither this could be Greenland, nor that it offered any 
serviceable place of resort. They turned therefore out to sea again and 
sailed before the same wind for four days, they then sighted a country in 
the distance. Then Bjarni said at last: “This resembles Greenland most, 
to judge by what I have been told about it, and here we will steer 
towards land.” Here Bjarni found his father and lived with him. 
Both in Norway and in Greenland they heard with surprise, the ac- 
counts of Bjarni’s journey and the new and attractive countries he had 
seen. They scoffed at the persevermg naval hero being so little in- 
quisitive, and having failed to make himself better acquainted with 
these countries. 
Bjarni’s discovery spurred others to exploits, and here four other 
journeys are mentioned: of Leif Ericsson (the same as we already have 
heard of in Chapter III), Thorvald Ericsson, Karlsefni and Freydis 
Ericsdottir (-daughter). 
Eries Saga in the meanwhile knows only of two journeys: The 
first about Leif and the other about Karlsefni with Thorvald and Freydis. 
It is seen by comparing Eric the Red’s Saga and “the book of Flatey” 
that the same events are the objects of both accounts. Gustav STORM’S 
opinion is, that as Bjarni is quite an unknown person, he ought to be 
omitted from history, to make place for Leif Ericsson, and that Thor- 
valds and Freydis Eriksdottir’s Vineland-campaign should be taken up 
in the big investigation-expedition which left Greenland in the year 
1003 under the command of Thorfin Karlsefnı. 
The Norsemen discovered on this journey, as we shall see, three 
different countries on the other side of Greenland, which they called 
“Helluland” (Stone country), “Markland” (wood country) and “Vineland”, 
as it can be seen, the first hes furthest north, the last named furthest 
south. 
One has not been able to decide positively which regions in North 
America correspond to these countries. Numbers of interpretations have 
come out, which for Vineland’s part has led to very different results 
such as 59° and 41° n. lat. 
The Norwegian professor Gustav Srorm, thinks that Helluland 
must be searched in Labrador, Markland in New Foundland and Vine- 
land not further south than Nova Scotia. WILLIAM HOVGAARD, а pre- 
vious captain in the Danish navy now a professor at the Massachusett’s 
Institute of Technology, has in a work, which came out in America 
