56 DANIEL Bruun. 
in 1914 of the voyages to Vineland ("The voyages of the Norsemen to 
America”) given a contribution to the voyages of Vineland's topography. 
He deals with all the above mentioned journeys, also the Flateyjar- 
books. We shall m the meantime only abide by Karlsefnis journey. 
Hovgaard thinks that Helluland was the northern part of Labrador or 
possibly the southern part of Baffin country. He identifies Markland 
with Labrador's coast on 56%” п. Lat. or perhaps further south; and 
Straumey in Vineland, where the expedition, as we shall see, landed 
and spent the winter, he thinks in Sandwich Bay, just south of the 
sandy coast by Cape Porcupine, which devides it from Hamilton inlet. 
From here the expeditions which were sent out, probably reached New 
Foundland. Through this, one sees that Vineland ought to lie considerably 
further north than Gustav Storm meant. Finally, H. P. SrEENsBY, 
Professor in Geography at the university in Copenhagen, has stated a 
new theory concerning the position of Vineland near St. Lawrence river, 
which will be published in the ‘Meddelelser om Grønland”, vol. LVI. 
After these remarks of orientation, we will acquaint ourselves 
with the man who was the leader on the voyage of discovery. 
At Höfdi on Höfdastrand (— beach) in Iceland, peasant Thord lived, 
who was descended from Ragnar Lodbrök (R-Shaggy-breeks) and his son 
Biorn Jarnsida (B-Ironside). His grandson’s son was called Thorfin 
Karlsefni, of whom, the following is related in Eric’s Saga: 
“Thorfin Karlsefni was a capable sailor and merchant, who went 
out on commercial travelling. One summer he adjusted his ship, bound 
for Greenland. 
Snorri Thorbrandsson from Alptafiord went with him, and there 
were 40 men on the ship. In the same summer BJARNI GRIMOLFSSON 
in Breidafiord and THORHALL GAMLISSON from one of the eastern fiords, 
equipped a ship likewise to sail to Greenland. There were also 40 men 
on it. As soon as the ships were ready Karlsefni and the others sailed 
with both of them. — Nothing is related of how long they were at sea; 
but on the other hand it is told that the ships came to Ericsfiord in the 
autumn. ric and several of the inhabitants rode down to the ships 
and began to trade, over which they soon agreed. The shipmasters 
told Eric to take as much as he wished to of the wares, and he on his 
side showed them great hospitality, by inviting the two ship’s crews to 
spend the winter with him in Brattahlid, where big and good outhouses 
were not wanting, in which the wares could be laid up, and where there 
lacked nothing which they otherwise had need of; they were comfortably 
installed during their winter stay. But towards Yule-tide Eric became 
more silent and he was evidently not so happy as he was wont to be. 
Karlsefni seeing an opportunity addressed him and asked: 
“Art thou not quite well Eric? It seems to us that thou art not 
in such good spirits as thou art wont to be; thou hast shown us the 
greatest bounteousness, and it is our duty to repay thee therefore, with 
