154 DANIEL BRUUN. 
In Godthaab's district (western settlement) at that time first lieu- 
tenant (now commodore and director of navigation) J. A. D. JENSEN 
(now BILDSÔE) and at that time first lieutenant (now the director of the 
meteorological institute, captain) C. RYDER, occasionally observed Norse 
ruins on their expeditions in the eighties, the last named made a cata- 
logue of the rums, then known in Godthaab's fiords, on the basis of 
the records by the well known Greenland catechist SAMUEL KLEIN- 
SCHMIDT. 
In spite of all these investigations in the old Norse settlements in 
Greenland they did not succeed in gaining full evidence as to what 
each group of ruins meant. They had found various churches, and in 
addition, indicated that some of the ruins were stables, others pens, etc., 
but they did not succeed in substantiating a single dwelling, and they 
were not at all certain about the arrangements of the farms. 
Meanwhile the Icelander VALTYR GUDMUNDSSON wrote a treatise 
“The private dwellings in Iceland in the saga age”, which he justified 
for а philosophical Doctor’s degree at Copenhagen’s university. Through 
this treatise one got a clear conception of what the farms and especially 
the dwellings looked like in the saga age — and especially those in Ice- 
land. With regard to Greenland, Steenstrup and Holm had already a 
supposition that the dwellings ought to be sought amongst the badly 
dilapidated ruins in the groups and not, as it had been so far assumed, 
amongst the best preserved. 
In 1894 I, the author of this book, was charged by the Greenland 
commission to undertake archæological investigations in Julianehaab’s 
district, with the special task of solving the dwelling question through 
excavations, 
It was apparent, as one may suppose, that the dwellings as well 
as the farms were of a pronounced Icelandic type. 
In the course of the summer investigations were undertaken in the 
centre of the old eastern settlement, namely in the following fiords: Ser- 
milik (Icefiord), Tunugdliarfik (Eriesfiord) and /galikofiord (Einarsfiord) 
besides the interjacent parts being visited. More extensive excavations 
were undertaken in the dwellings at Kagssiarssuk in Tunugdharfik (Eric 
the Reds farm Brattahlid), at Zgaliko (the ancient bishop-see Gardar), 
at Kagssiarssuk in Igaliko-fiord’s eastern arm (the Norse farm undir Höfda) 
besides a few other places in Sermilik and Tunugdliarfik. 
Through these excavations the dwelling question was solved. At 
the same time surveying sketches were made of many ruin-groups, which 
until then had not been found or otherwise mentioned. 
First lieutenant (now ambassador in Berlin) Count Cart MOLTKE 
was in the same year in Julianehaab’s district. with an expedition, He 
was accompanied by the geologist (now state geologist) A. JESSEN and 
first lieutenant FRODE PETERSEN (now Captain Fropa). Moltkes expe- 
dition assisted at its conclusion, the archeological investigations. Peter- 
