160 DANIEL Bruun. 
which sort of trees had been used as timber. Specimens of these have been 
decided by the deceased Professor, Dr. phil. В. Rostrup and Professor, 
Dr. phil. Е. Warmine. It is proved that birch has been used, probably 
from the country itself, and conifer, of which a great deal is sure to 
have been firs, others perhaps spruce fir, some of which were most likely 
imported. 
The groups of ruins consisted of, from a few, to over twenty houses 
spread about, as a rule all lying on the home field, which at sometime 
had been manured. Amongst the ruins a complex of dwellings is dis- 
cerned, lying near fresh water, (as a rule a rivulet) upon a place which 
was, as far as possible, dry, and if the farm lay near a fiord then not 
too far from the landing place. 
Around the dwelling-complex the rest of the buildings were thus 
grouped. Nearest to the dwelling, as a rule, some smaller houses, were 
found, which had been united to it as store houses. In the same place 
a stable for the milking cattle is found, which it was important to have 
near at hand, a hay-barn was generally united to the stable, as a rule 
its immediate prolongation. Near at hand or at a distance other stables 
are seen, most likely for cows, horses, sheep or goats to which hay-barns 
and hay-yards are united (the latter, fenced in square places, where hay 
is kept in the open air, sometimes covered by grass-turfs). 
To these finally cattle-folds, large and small, can be added, which can 
be found both on the home field and in the vieinity up the mountain 
slopes, or further away on distant pastures. On very remote pastures 
smaller houses are often seen, which most likely are outfarms. 
The dwellings wholly resemble the ancient Icelandie ones, having 
been used, as they still are used in Iceland to this very day. According 
to the ground-plan they are found in the same variations as over 
there, right from the oldest fashion, where the closely grouped dwelling 
houses (stofa, skali, eldhüs, matbür etc.) stood side by side in one line 
with the gables towards each other — and very often the out houses 
were behind — down to the later development where they as a rule 
stand with the gables to the front, grouped in two or three rows 
behind each other and on both sides of a middle walk. Other varia- 
tions besides these are to be found, which however resemble mainly 
the types mentioned. The walls were hardly higher than a man’s 
height, they are made of grass-turf and stones, mostly in horizontal 
layers, but sometimes, as in Iceland, in zigzag paterns, of which a few 
ruins bear witness. The floor as a rule was hard beaten clay or gravel. 
The fire-places in the rooms, were either deeply submersed holes, edged by 
stones, or they were put on flat stones. Just like the old Icelandic fire- 
houses (Kitchens) one sees that the walls round the fire places are protect- 
ed by big flat stones. Along the walls in the rooms, platforms are found, 
which evidently had been benches and sleeping-places. That they had 
been careful of the houses not being damp is seen by the gutters 
