164 DANIEL BRUUN. 
seal, ringseal and especially no few harp seals, crest seals and reindeer, 
but no hares. The small amount of birds and fish was astonishing, from 
which however must not be interpreted that the Norsemen were not 
engaged in fishing and bird catching. We know, on the contrary, through 
Ihe saga that they went out fishing. The explanation probably is that 
the fish and bird refuse was either thrown into the sea, or eaten by the 
dogs or burnt. 
One dare assume that -the Norsemen in Greenland have used 
manure and refuse as fuel in the same manner, as it has been and still 
is done in Iceland. — In the bones, found on the dung-hills, marks of 
dogs and foxes’ teeth are often seen. 
It seems, according to the ruins and bones found, that the Green- 
land farms had great numbers of live stock. The-enclosures and stalls 
for cows, sheep or goats have often been very large, and there have cer- 
tainly been hundreds of such anımals on many of the farms. 
Not only cows but also sheep and goats were milked, the small 
divided pens prove it, in which the mothers and lambs were separated 
during the night, so that the mothers could be milked in the morning. 
Some bigger folds have probably been used as milking folds for cows. 
In many places on the farms, just like on the Faroe Islands, one finds large 
and small folds at the edge of the home fields or outside them, where 
sheep and goats were driven together or where the flocks took shelter 
during a storm. This proves that they have been free a long time during 
the winter. In other places big folds are found especially near the water. 
Here the washing ol wool most likely took place and the sheep to be 
killed were selected. : 
In the winter, the stables were used for sheep and goats. 
They must be searched amongst the longer or shorter ruins often 
amongst the houses, divided by partitions, which chiefly are built of 
grass-turf and stones. They are always narrower than the cow and 
horse stables and seldom more than 8 or 10 feet in diameter. 
Hay barns or open hay yards are most frequently found near them 
or even built onto them, and sometimes they form an angle to the stables. 
The hay yards had no roof. At greater or lesser distances from the farm, 
in places where the pasture is good, one sometimes sees smaller houses 
with enclosures near by, these are probably sheep folds with hay yards; 
such sheep folds are known in Iceland right down to our days. From 
here the animals could every now and then during the winter find food 
for themselves in the open air. 
The breadth of the cow stables were on an average from 13 to 13% 
(ап. ) feet, which in the olden days was normal overthe whole of the north. 
Ihe cows stood in two rows along the outer walls, but the space was so 
narrow that one evidently had to wind in and out so аз to go lengthwise 
through the stables. Big flat stones formed the partition between the 
cattle-pens. In these low and narrow stables the cows, like in Iceland, 
