The Icelandic Colonization of Greenland. 173 
which is called “Berrefiord” [Berufiördr i. е. female bear fiord], and across 
the entrance to the ford lies a reef, so that no big ship can enter without 
there being a rapid current; and when the current is rapid, whales with- 
out number swim there. Fish is never wanting in Berufiord; in this 
fiord whales, are generally caught, but only with the bishop’s permis- 
sion, as the fiord belongs to the cathedral, and in this fiord is a big hole 
[deep] a whalefish hole and when the tide goes out then all the whales 
swim into the hole mentioned. 
Further east of Berufiord hes a fiord, called “Allumlengre” [1. e. 
Öllumlengri — longer than all the others]. 
It is narrow outside and very much broader inside. Its length is so 
great, that no one knows the end of it. There is no stream in it and 
it is full of holms; there are also birds and eggs. The land is flat on 
both sides, overgrown with green grass as far as any man has travelled 
. e. has reached]. 
Further eastwards towards the ice-mountains lies a harbour, which 
is called “Finsbuder” |Finnsbudir], so called because a ship foundered 
in the time of Holy Olaf; according to a general rumour, which is cur- 
rent to this very day Saint Olaf’s page was on board the ship and he was 
drowned with the others, and those who survived buried the dead and 
raised a big stone cross over the grave, which is still standing to this 
very day. Eastwards, nearer the ice-mountains, lies a big island which 
is called “Kaarssööe” (i. e. cross-island) there, there is universal hunting 
of white bears, by the permission of the bishop, as the island belongs 
to the cathedral. Still further east, as far as one can see, there is nothing 
but ice and snow both in land and on water.” 
The position of the places mentioned by Ivar cannot for the present 
be given accurately, but there is however a likelihood with regard 
to a few. 
Cape Farewell hes on Egger’s island. To the north of it, 60° п. lat., 
another large and deeply branching island is to be found, Christian the 
Fourth’s island, surrounded by smaller islands. This might be “Kaarssöe”. 
In another place is mentioned: 
“Cross-islands” as they are called, because the four biggest of them 
lie in the form of a cross, and are surrounded by the smaller ones”. 
Narrow sounds are between the islands in which birds are also caught. 
This fits in well with the group of islands north of Cape Farewell. 
G. Е. Horn who traversed the coast in 1880 and later on an “Umiak” 
expedition in 1883—85, says, that the most southern part of Greenland’s 
west coast consists of wild jagged mountainous parts, which are from 
6000 to 7000 feet high, intersected by many deep fiords partly running 
parallel: in many places tracts of valleys are to be found between them 
which lead from the one fiord to the other. The face of the mountains 
are often inaccessible, and the summits form lacerated crests. 
Ice has never covered these mountains, but previously, as it still 
