GILBERT AND STARKS — FISHES OF PANAMA BAY 10] 



Spinous dorsal low, with gently niuiKiccl (inliinc. Notch between dorsals shallow, the eleventh 

 spine two-thirds the length of the longest, which is contained 2 to 2.'j times in head in the young, 

 3 times in atlults. When declined, the spines are i)artially received within a scaly groove. Soft dorsal, 

 anal and caudal with Ijasal portions densely scaled, and with series of scales running up on membrane 

 to beyond miildle iii fin. Soft dorsal and anal of e(jual height, forming bluntly rounded lobes, the 

 longest rays of which are about half head in adults, li to 1 1; in head in young. Third anal spine 

 about half length of longest ray. Pectorals shorter than ventrals, 2 to 2.'5 in head; ventrals i J in head 

 in young, shorter in adults. 



Scales less strongly ctenoid than in L. sicrinainoisis. Tubes of lateral line mostly simple, 

 occasionally with one to three branches. 



Color grayish or brownish, with plumbeous or silvery reflections. The youngest specimens 

 show faintly the dark streaks so conspicuous in young of L. surinaiiu'iisis, viz: a pair running back- 

 wards from interorbital space; a pair from upper posterior border of eye converging towards front of 

 dorsal; a broader band from eye downwards and backwards across cheeks. Soft dorsal, anal and caudal 

 uniform blackish, or the caudal with an ill-defined lighter edge. Pectorals translucent; ventrals 

 Ijlackish. 



Abundant at Panama, where it is known as Berrugate. 



Family PRIACANTHID.E. 



182. Pseudopriacanthus serrula {Gilbert). 



Only the type known, from Albatross. Station 2797, Panama Bay, 33 fathom.s 

 (Gilbert, 1890 6, p. 450). 



Family LUTIANID.E. 



183. Hoplopagrus guentheri GUI. 



This species had not been taken previously farther south than Mazatlan. We 

 secured one large specimen with dynamite among the rocky islands in the Bay. It 

 must be very rare at Panama. 



Lutianus. 



The characters relied upon to separate Neomoinis, Lutianus, Genyoroge and 

 Evophtes, seem wholly lacking in distinctive value. The band of temporal scales 

 may be narrow or wide, and may be isolated or may be surrounded by bands of 

 smaller scales. All degrees of scaling of top of head are found among the Asiatic 

 species, and considerable variation among the American members of the group. The 

 temporal ridge never joins the orbital rinj, but terminates at varying distances 

 between that and the median crest. Its appro.ximation to the median crest depends 

 in part upon its production anteriorly, and this is in many species a rjuestion of age. 

 No groups can be separated by this character, nor can the natural affinities of the 

 species be determined by its aid. A third character is derived from the emai'gina- 

 tion of the preopercle, into which may lit a knob of the interopercle. Most Amer- 

 ican species have this weakly developed or absent, but L. jordani forms an obvious 

 transition between the two conditions, and this will doubtless be made more complete 

 by an examination of the Asiatic forms. Lutianus [Evoplites) viridis is evidently 

 the descendant of an Asiatic form, and has the notch and knob strongly developed. 



( 14 ) November 2B, 1003. 



