120 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



We have little to add to Steindachner's excellent description. The depth is 

 contained 41 times, rather than 4 times, in the length; both dorsal and anal are scaled 

 on one or more of their anterior rays. The species has normally 10 dorsal spines 

 (rarely 9). 



The second dorsal and caudal are margined with blackish. The upper half of 

 the axil of the pectoral is black. The membranous fold behind the mandibular teeth 

 is black, contrasting strongly with the rest of the mouth. The gill-cavity is largely 

 blackish, especially the lining membrane of the opercle. The ventrals, pectoral and 

 anal fins are without dusky markings, except on the inner face of the upper pectoral 

 rays. 



224. Cynoscion phoxocephalus Jordan & Gilbert. 



This strongly marked form is known as yet only from Panama Bay, where 

 we have found it to be abundant. 



The dentition differs in no essential respect from that found in other species 

 of Cynoscion. All of the teeth are smaller, including the anterior pair of canines in 

 the premaxillaries. The arrangement differs somewhat from that ascribed to the 

 type. The premaxillary teeth are in a band throughout, which contains everywhere 

 more than two series. Along the sides of the jaw, the outer series consists of stronger 

 conical teeth which are scarcely larger than those behind them. Anteriorly the 

 band widens, and bears along its posterior edge a converging pair of small canines. 

 The mandibular band is widest near the symphysis, where it consists of three series, those 

 of the outer series somewhat stronger than the others. Laterally, the band rapidly 

 narrows, at first to two series, the inner of strong conical teeth, the outer very small; 

 then the outer series disappears, those of the remaining series increasing in size toward 

 the angle of the mouth. 



The scales above the lateral line are in 85 to 90 oblique series, downward and 

 backward. Those of the lateral line are enlarged, as usual in the genus, but are so 

 concealed by smaller scales, that they are difficult to enumerate. 



The spinous dorsal is more elevated than in other species of the genus, the 

 third spine often reaching the tip of the last spine when depressed. The last dorsal 

 spines are very delicate, one or more of them often lacking; the spines are normally 

 10 in number. The second dorsal is without a definite scaly sheath; small scales 

 encroach on the thickened base of its anterior rays. 



The posterior nostril is a narrowly oblong slit, scarcely larger than the ante- 

 rior pore-like opening. 



In life, grayish silvery above, with bluish and greenish reflections, silvery 

 below; mouth cavity orange-yellow; opercular lining jet-black. A black humeral 

 blotch, concealed by gill-cover. Anal and lower caudal lobe tinged with yellow; 

 fins otherwise translucent-dusky. 



