THE LEOPARD. 81 
sized spots, and by black rings with no central black spot, 
distributed over the shoulders, back, and sides, while Milne- 
Edwards describes those rings as very distinct on the scapular 
region, the upper parts of the sides, and the back.” 
It is added that Professor Milne-Edwards “has pointed 
out certain characters by which he considers F. fontaniert 
to be distinguished from the Leopards of India and Africa, 
and also from the skull figured by Gray as Leopardus chinensis. 
He attaches great importance to the short muzzle of the 
northern Leopard, and states that the distance between the 
alveolar border of the canine and the summit of the fronto- 
nasal process of the maxilla equals the breadth between the 
external borders of the infra-orbital foramina, while in #, 
pardus the former measurement considerably exceeds the 
latter; and he records that the relative proportion between 
these parts is equally observable in the young as in the 
adult of “F. fontantert. I have examined a series of five 
skulls of / pardus from India, all with reliable histories 
and of different ages, but without any record of their sex; 
and although they support the generalisation of the French 
professor regarding the greater length of the first interval as 
compared with the second in / fardus, measurements suggest 
that considerable changes take place with advancing age in the 
proportions between these two areas of the face in / pardus, 
because in the youngest example they are nearly equal, as in 
F. fontanieri, so that these measurements are not very reliable 
guides to separate the two forms in youth. At the same 
time, there can be no doubt that in the adult / pardus of 
India the muzzle is not so deep, but is more elongated than in 
F. fontanieri, in which the frontals are more arched, with the 
nasals in the same curve. In Leofardus chinensis, Gray,—a 
fully adult animal,—there is the same short muzzle as in & 
tontanteri.” 
7 G 
