192 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 
felis lupulina and F&F. op mvs, Thunberg, Denkschr. Ak. 
Munchen, vol. ix. p. 189 (1825). 
Felis virgata, Nilsson, Illum. Fig. till. Faun. pls. iii. iv. (1829). 
felis borealis, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. vol. i. p. 109 
(1827); Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbethiere Europ. p. 
63 (1840). 
Lyncus vulgaris, Gray, Cat. Hodgson Coll. p. 7 (1846). 
felis tsabellina, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi. p. 
1178 (1847). 
Lyncus lynx, Severtzoff, Rev. Mag. Zool. ser. 2, vol. x. p. 385 
(1858). 
Lyncus tsabeliinus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 267. 
Lyncus borealis, Gray, loc. cit. 
(Plate XXTV.) 
Characters.—Readily distinguished from the Caracal by the 
shortness of the tail, which is less than one-fourth the length 
of the head and body, and does not reach the ankle; by the 
abundant ruff cf long hair round the throat, as well as by the 
more or less distinctly spotted coat. 
Build strong ; limbs relatively long; the long and pointed 
ears surmounted by a large tuft of black hairs; fur soft and 
thick, that of the hinder part of the cheeks being lengthened 
so as to form a ruff partially encircling the throat; pads of 
feet more or less completely covered with hair. Pupil of eye 
circular. Skull much vaulted, with a short and broad facial 
region, the orbit incomplete behind, and the anterior upper 
pre-molar absent in the adult. 
The colour varies from pale sandy-grey, or isabelline, to 
rufous-fawn with a tinge of grey, and in some European 
specimens even to ferruginous-red; the under-parts being 
white. In the summer coat the upper-parts are marked with 
small black spots, which, at least in young individuals, are 
also persistent through the winter in the European race; but 
