284 LLOYD’S NATURAL HISTORY. 
France, Attica, Samos, Hutfary, and Persia, JZ. aphanistus 
(= IZ. leoninus) and M. ogygia (= M. orientalis and M. schlossert). 
Farther eastwards we meet with JZ. sivalensis and the larger 
M. paleindicus in the Pliocene of the Indian Siwalik Hills. 
In the Upper Pliocene of the Auvergne and Tuscany there 
occurs the great AZ. cultridens, the female of which has been 
described as AZ. meganthereon; while in the Pliocene of the 
Val d’Arno the genus was represented by two other species, 
distinguished by the structure of their upper tusks, known as 
M. crenatidens and MM. nestianus, the former probably also 
occurring in the forest-bed of the Norfolk Coast. The latest 
European form is JZ. latidens, of which the great serrated 
upper tusks have been found in the caverns of England, 
France, and Liguria. 
Turning to the New World, we find the genus represented in 
the Pliocene strata of Pennsylvania and Texas by JZ. gracilis 
and JZ. fatalis, while a rock-cleft in Florida has yielded re- 
mains of a species (AZ. floridanus) only second in size to the 
great South American form mentioned below. In the caves or 
Brazil and the Pleistocene Pampas formation of the Argentine, 
the gigantic JZ. meogeus was the largest and most specialised ot 
the whole genus; its range also extended to Ecuador. This 
splendid animal is known by several complete skulls and 
skeletons, one of the latter having been described as a distinct 
species under the name of JZ necator, on account of the ab- 
sence of a perforation on the outer side of the lower end of the 
humerus. This, however, is probably only an individual ab- 
normality. Both JZ datidens and J. neogeus lived in the 
human period ; and the cause of their extinction (and likewise 
that of the genus itself) has yet to be satisfactorily explained. 
It should be mentioned that although in the later represen- 
tatives of the genus, the skull resembles that of the True Cats 
in the absence of an alisphenoid canal, yet this perforation is 
present in the earlier AZ. palmuidens. 
