( 101 ) 

 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 



GIOVANNI MARIA LINQUITI. 



Sept. 17. — Giovanni Maria Linquiti, 

 Director of the Royal Asylum for the In- 

 sane at Aversa. He was born at Mulfitta 

 in 1774, and was very early disting^uished 

 by his learning. He at first studied the law, 

 but soon left it for a monastic life in the 

 convent of the Serviti. Obliged, however, 

 by political events, to lay aside his religious 

 habit and assume that of a secular priest, 

 he was received as a friend in the house of 

 Berio, Marquis of Salsa, in whose library 

 he had an opportunity of extending the 

 sphere of his knowledge, especially in what 

 relates to the physical and moral natiure of 

 man, of which an irrefragable proof was 

 given by the first volume of his Hicherche 

 sull Alsenzeone Mentalc. " But the origin 

 of his great reputation," remarks the edi- 

 tor of The Milan Ga:^ette, " is to be diited 

 from the time of his being appointed .to di- 

 rect the Royal Asylum at Aversa." Lin- 

 quiti was one of the first who perceived 

 that insanity, a disease pecnliar to the rea- 

 soning animal, man, having its origin in 

 reason, never entirely departs from that 

 origin ; that the ins-ane are not so in every 

 thing, or at all times ; that we can and 

 ought to try to restore their reason by rea- 

 son ; and that the chief, if not the only me- 

 dicine in an hospital for the insane, is the 

 luminous intelligence of the person who 

 directs it. The principle which guided 

 Linquiti in the treatment of lunatics was 

 founded on their education. He began by 

 considering them as sane, took care that 

 every one should follow the usual exercise 

 of his art and condition, and established 

 his new system of cure on the basis of occu- 

 pation and amusement — occupation, for 

 the versatility of the ideas of the maniacs ; 

 and amusement, against the fixed ideas of 

 the melancholy. The results of this me- 

 tliod were so successfid, that our new esta- 

 blishments of this description soon became 

 celebrated throughout Europe. " The health 

 of Chevalier Linquiti had been on the de- 

 cline from 1815 to his death. Dr. Vulpes, 

 the physician of the establishment, recited 

 the merits of the deceased : the whole body 

 of the insane, who were present, were 

 plunged in sorrow, as if they had lost their 

 reason a second time." 



GENERAI, MAXIMILIAN SEBASTIAN FOY. 



Nov. 28. — At his residence, in the Rue 

 de la Chaussee d'Antin, Paris, aged 30, 

 of an aneurism of the heart. General Maxi- 

 milian Sebastian Foy. This officer was 

 educated for the bar, but, on the breaking 

 out of the Revolution, he entered the ar- 

 tillery, in which he was rapidly promoted. 

 From tlie first campaigns of the Revolution 

 to the battle of Waterloo, he was in inces- 

 sant action, and frequently distinguished 



himself. He was wounded in Moreau's 

 retreat, at the battle of Orthes, and at Wa- 

 terloo. His activity in Sjiain was well 

 known to many officers of the English ar- 

 my. Though his fate was bound up with 

 the military profession, he refused, pre- 

 viously to the expedition to Egypt, tlie aj)- 

 pointment of aide-de-camp to Buonaparte, 

 whose views he seems to have suspected; 

 and he also o])posed Napoleon's elevation 

 to the supreme i)ower. It is related of the 

 general that, after one of Buonaparte's vic- 

 tories, he was at a dunier of the officers ; 

 when, upon " the health of the cm])eror" 

 having been given, he alone declined drink- 

 ing it. In vain was he pressed on tlic 

 point. " I am not thirsty," said he. By 

 Buonaparte's abdication he lost a marshal's 

 baton ; but his military promotion, which 

 then ceased, was compensated by popular 

 honours and distinctions, which he could 

 not have attained or enjoyed under the im- 

 perial government. Since his first admis- 

 sion to the Chamber of Deputies in 1819, 

 he has been one of its most prominent ora- 

 tors ; and in the last session he was, witli- 

 out exception, the most powerful opponent 

 of the ministiy. Being one of the few mem- 

 bers gifted with the talent of extempora- 

 neous speaking, he was enabled to make 

 or to repel attacks with promptitude and ef- 

 fect. The disease of which he died, and 

 from which he had long suffered, did not 

 prevent his following his occupations ; but, 

 for the last eight days, the heart had un- 

 dergone so considerable an enlargement, 

 that he was unable to breath except he lay 

 on his back. On opening the body after 

 death, the heart was found twice as volu- 

 minous as in the natural state, soft, and 

 gorged with coagulated blood, which it had 

 no longer strength to put into circulation. 

 Mirabeau, it will be recollected, according 

 to the report of Cabanis, likewise sunk un- 

 der a disease of the heart, augmented by 

 the fatigue of the tribune and the cares and 

 anxieties inseparable from business. The 

 general has left a widow and five young 

 children; but so strongly has the public 

 feeling been excited in their favour, that 

 a subscription, amounting to more than 

 ^20,000, has been raised for their sup- 

 port. Portraits of the general have been 

 engraved, medals have been struck in his 

 honour, and a public monument' is to be 

 erected to his memory. His obsequies 

 were celebrated, on the third day after his 

 death, at Notre Dame de Lorretto. An 

 immense crowd assembled at the residence 

 of the general ; deputies, generals, and 

 oflncers of all ranks thronged the apartment.=. 

 When the body was brought down into the 

 yard of the hotel, eight young persons pre- 

 sented themselves to caiTy it on their 

 shoulders into the chuich. After divine 



