86, 
with him at the battle’ of Marengo. At 
this battle it was he first came into imme- 
diate contact with Buonaparte. By his 
activity, especially in bringing up Keller- 
man, he contributed to the recovery of the 
day, and at the close of the battle was 
named, along with Rapp, one of the Con- 
sul’s aides-de-camp. From this period he 
was constantly about the person of Napo- 
leon, and employed by him on numerous 
confidential occasions. He surveyed and 
reported on the state of the towns surrend- 
ered in Italy—inspected the troops with 
Brune, at Dijou—superintended the prepa- 
rations of the fleets at Brest and Rochefort, 
and was just returned from a mission to 
Dieppe, connected with George’s conspiracy, 
when, as Colonel of the gensdarmerie, he 
superintended the execution of the Duke 
D’Enghien. 
This action, which drew upon him so 
rnuch abuse and execration, he has detailed 
with great care and minuteness, and labour- 
ed hard to throw the odium from himself. 
He represents himself as knowing nothing 
about the previous arrangements of the 
business, but merely as commanding the 
troops, placed under the orders of the pre- 
sident (Hullin) of the military commission. 
He had been in Paris only two or three 
days, when, on the 20th of March (1804), 
the day before the execution, he was sent 
with a letter, by Buonaparte, to Murat, the 
governor of Paris, who commanded him to 
take certain troops forthwith to Vincennes. 
These troops were not all assembled, and 
disposed of at the Castle till three in the 
morning of the 21st, before which hour 
Hullin, and the other members of the com- 
mission, consisting of the colonels of the 
garrison of Paris, had arrived, had com- 
menced, and nearly concluded their labours. 
At this hour Savary, along with others, 
went into the room, and was just in time to 
hear the concluding replies of the duke. 
The room was then cleared ; and, in about 
two hours, the commander of the infantry 
came to Savary with an order for a picket, 
to execute the sentence just passed, which 
he, of course, supplied, and with the rest of 
the troops witnessed the execution, about 
six o'clock, in the spacious ditch of the 
Castle, and then proceeded with all speed to 
report to the Consul. This, he declares, is 
all he knows of the matter. The perusal 
of the particulars will not, pezhaps, satisfy 
any one, though no one will doubt that his 
refutation of Hullin’s incredible story is 
pretty complete. 
In the German campaign of 1805, he ac- 
companied the Emperor as his aide-de- 
camp, and was specially employed before the 
battle of Austerlitz, in a message to the 
Emperor of Russia, and after the battle, 
again, successively to the Emperors of 
Austria and- Russia. His conversations 
with these imperial personages are mi- 
nutely given in a dialogue form. In the 
campaigns of 1806 and 1807, he was en- 
Monthly Review of Literature, 
(Jan. 
gaged more in military commands—first, 
as a general of division—next, on the ill- 
health of Lannes, at the head of the Sth 
division; and again; at the head of the 
fusiliers ; and, on the taking of Konisberg, 
was made governor of the town. On the 
peace of Tilsit, he was dispatched as a sort 
of Ambassador, though not with the title of 
one, to Petersburgh, where he continued six 
months, making himself very acceptable to 
the Emperor, and, by degrees, subduing a 
good deal of the prejudice existing against 
him—being finally admitted to circles from 
which he was at first excluded. 
After this residence of six months at St. 
Petersburgh, he returned, in January 1808, 
to Paris; and on the creation of the new 
nobility, he was made Duke of Rovigo, and 
in March, was commissioned to go to 
Spain, and report upon the state of the Royal 
Family. This was his sole business ; but 
while in Spain, Ferdinand determined upon 
going to Bayonne to meet the Hmperor, 
and that, at least, Savary, on his own shew- 
ing, promoted. At Vittoria, Ferdinand 
stopped short, and Savary proceeded by 
himself onward to Bayonne to the Emperor. 
He was immediately speeded back to Vit- 
toria, and when finally Ferdinand was per- 
suaded to advance, accompanied him to 
Bayonne. In June he replaced, in func- 
tions, if not in appointments, the Duke of 
Berg (Murat), at Madrid ; and, during his 
administration, occurred the disastrous sur- 
render of Dupont, at Baylen. Retreat from 
Madrid was become indispensable for the 
new king, and Sayary preceded him to 
meet the Emperor, who received him more 
kindly than he had anticipated—though 
always sure the Emperor would do justice 
to well-meant efforts. 
The meeting with the Emperor of Russia, 
at Erfurt, was now at hand, and Savary ac- 
companied Napoleon thither; and, after 
this memorable interview, Napoleon, still 
taking Savary with him, hastened to Spain, 
and entered Madrid. The new adminis- 
tration of the government being arranged, 
he was pursuing the English army, when, 
at Astorga, he was surprised by intelligence 
of extraordinary movements on the part of 
Austria. Leaving Soult in command, he 
returned with all speed to Paris to hurry on 
the necessary preparations ; and, again, Sa- 
vary accompanied him in the perilous cam- 
paign of 1809, employed as before, some- 
times in commands, and sometimes on occa- 
sional commissions. 
The war over, Paris was occupied the 
succeeding winter and spring in the Em- 
peror’s marriage, and in the following June 
Savary was made Minister of Police, which 
terminated his military career, and intro- 
duced him to quite a new scene of business. 
Fouché left him completely in the lurch— 
would give him no manner of information, 
nor communicate even the names of his 
established agents, except those of the lowest 
class. But Savary’s own activity, and the 
