432 
his improvement inthe construction, making, 
or manufacturing of chairs, sofas, lounges, 
beds, and all other articles of furniture for 
similar purposes, and also of travelling and 
other carriages and vehicles of every descrip- 
tion for personal use.—11th September ; 2 
months. 
To James Beaumont Neilson, of Glas- 
gow, Lanark, engineer, for his improved 
application of air to produce heat in forges 
and furnaces, where bellows or other blow- 
ing apparatus are required.—11th Septem- 
ber; 6 months. 
To Lemuel Wellman Wright, of Mans- 
field-street, Borough-road, Surrey, engi- 
neer, for certain improvements in machinery 
for making screws.—18th September; 6 
months. 
To William Losh, of Benton-house, 
Northampton, Esq., for certain improve- 
ments in the formation of iron rails for rail- 
roads, and of the chains or pedestals in or 
upon which the rails may be placed or fixed. 
—18th September; 2 months. 
To Joseph Rhodes, the younger, of Al- 
verthorp, Wakefield, worsted-spinner, for 
certain improvements in machinery for spin- 
ning and twisting worsted-yarn and other 
fibrous substances. —18th September; 6 
months. 
List of Patents. 
[Ocr. 
To Joseph Clisild Daniel, of Limpley, 
Bradford, Wilts, clothier, for certain im- 
provements in machinery for dressing wool- 
len cloths. —18th September ; 6 months. 
To John Melville, of Upper Harley- 
street, Cavendish-square, Middlesex, Esq., 
for certain, improvements in propelling ves- 
sels. 18th September ; 6 months. 
To Edward Forbes Orson, of Finsbury- 
square, Middlesex, gentleman, for his im- 
proved cartridge for sporting purposes.— 
18th September ; 6 months. 
To John Jones, of Leeds, York, brush- 
maker, for certain improvements in machi- 
nery for pressing and finishing woollen- 
cloths.—_25th September ; 6 months. 
List of Patents, which, having been granted 
in October 1814, expire in the present 
month of October 1828. 
3.—A. F. Didot, Holborn, for an im- 
provement in making printing types. 
— A Shaw, Leicester, for an apparatus 
for the better cutting of window, plate, and 
sheet glass. 
— W. Sampson, London, for improve- 
ments in raising water. 
— R. Philips, Newbury, Berks, for im- 
provements in a plough. 
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT. PERSONS. 
DR. GALL. 
Jean Joseph Gall was born in 1758, in 
a village of the Dutchy of Baden; his 
parents were in trade. It was at Baden 
where he first commenced his education, 
then at Brucksal, and afterwards at Stras- 
burgh, where he studied medicine, under 
professor Hermann; it was at Vienna in 
Austria, that he became invested with the 
title of Doctor, in the year 1785, and after- 
wards followed the practice of medicine ; 
but at this place he was not permitted to 
develop his new ideas on the functions of 
the brain, which he had founded both on 
scientific study and observations on nature. 
This opposition to his views at length 
determined him to visit the north of Ger- 
many, and he was well received in all the 
capitals of the German states, as well as in 
Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark, and he 
explained his system before several sove- 
reigns, by whom he was honoured with 
marks of esteem and admiration. He like- 
wise visited England, and at length deter- 
mined to go to and reside at Parts ; regard- 
ing it as the centre of the learned world, he 
judged it the most proper of all other places 
to propagate his doctrine: he therefore re- 
paired to that capital in 1807, where his 
great reputation had already preceded him. 
And here we may remark that, although 
Dr. Gall’s lectures had been interdicted at 
Vienna in 1802, by command of the govern- 
ment, it may be interesting to know that 
the expense of publishing the great work of 
Gall and Spurzheim, at Paris, in 1810, was 
guaranteed by Prince Metternich, at that 
time Austrian Minister at the Court of 
France. He had previously attended several 
courses of Dr. Gall’s lectures, consulted him 
as his physician, and remained attached to 
him up to the time of his death. 
The object which Gall proposed was to 
dissipate the void which existed in physio- 
logy and philosophy relative to the situation 
of the intellectual faculties of man; and, 
notwithstanding the knowledge of the an- 
cients, and the hitherto received notions 
which science had taught, yet still its” 
fundamental notions, not by any means 
perfect, were far from that degree of scienti- 
fic precision to which the observations and 
genius of Gall have conducted us; and, 
although in the history of science the first 
ideas of the system may have been dis- 
covered, yet still it must be allowed that 
all the proofs belong to him, as well as the - 
conservation of all the great truths which 
were brought forth in evidence. 
The immense labours of Lavater were 
well calculated to draw the attention of the 
curious to the subject, and to apply to the 
part of the head those observations which he 
had made on the face and on the frontal re- 
gion. Our knowledge of the exterior appear- 
ances of the head was yet very imperfect 
and vague, and those who supported the 
possibility had not the means of demon. 
