1828.] 
which, according to Bonaparte, it seems, is 
its natural position—its colonies will soon 
become independent—New South Wales, 
the Cape, India, the West Indies—and as 
to the Canadas, &c. they must of course 
speedily amalgamate with the United States. 
hen, stript of her adjuncts, what will Eng- 
land be ?—TIreland, too, struggling for inde- 
pendence—or actually independent, and at 
war with England, and, eventually, bring- 
ing her, in turn, under her dominion—or 
America herself seizing both, at one fell 
swoop, in her talons. 
America, on the contrary, has nothing to 
arrest her career—a world before her—her 
constitution has a preservative power within 
it, checking all tendency to decay. By its 
incomparable arrangements, each state is 
sovereign within itself, for certain purposes, 
and possesses, also, a share of the sove- 
reignty of the Union. The Union, also, is 
sovereign over all for certain purposes—all 
strictly defined ; and no clashings can fol- 
low from misunderstandings. The separate 
parts have no control whatever over the por- 
tion of sovereignty surrendered to the Union, 
nor the Union again over the portions of 
sovereignty retained by the states—collision 
is thus precluded. The sovereignty of the 
Union concerns mainly the foreign rela- 
tions; and so little indeed has it to do 
with internal matters, that there actually is 
no secretary for the home department. The 
leading principle of government is the sove- 
reignty of the people, and the ultimate aim 
to leave to individual action the greatest 
possible latitude. This, indeed, is the ad- 
mirable part of the American institutions. 
Every one feels at liberty to move as he 
pleases, and no restrictions are tolerated, 
but such as are manifestly indispensable for 
the safety of all—no privileges retained, or 
conferred. As soon as restrictions are felt 
to be useless, they are promptly removed ; 
for there actually exists no party eager and 
determined to suppert established or anti- 
quated usages. Generally, the American 
sits free and loose; and feels it possible 
that things, though undoubtedly good, may, 
by possibility, be better still. 
- The manufactures of the country are ra- 
pidly advancing on every side; and the 
writer of the volume before us is earnest to 
shew the wisdom and sound policy of entire 
independence of all the world. Capital is 
every day accumulating; and large sums 
released by the payment of the debt, are all 
quickly invested in manufactures. In Bos- 
ton no less than seven millions of dollars 
_ were thus paid in one year. 
On ‘returning lately to this country, after an 
absence of five years, I was not less astonished 
tian delighted to witness the visible signs of this 
progress, and to find flonyishing villages and even 
considerable towns springing up, as if by en- 
chantment, on spots that were recently uninha- 
bited. At Lowell, in Massachusetts, where there 
were not, if | am rightly informed, more than one 
or two dwelling houses in 1820, I found, in the 
_ M.M. New Series.—Vow.VI. No. 35. 
Domesiic and Foreign. 
529 
spring of 1825, a population of 1,560 souls, wholly 
engaged in manufactures; aud it was the opinion 
of persons, who bad the means of judging correct- 
ly, that ten years would add another cypher to 
the number. Similar results may be observed at 
Weare, Springfield, Dover, Somersworth, and 
various other places; and, in short, the spirit 
that produced them is active through the whole 
country. 
To enforce the necessity of complete in- 
dependence of all foreign markets —he 
says— 
In a time of war, the most extensive European 
and colonial markets are thrown open to our flour 
and provisions ; and our cultivators extend their 
enterprizes in all directions, for years perhaps in 
succession. Peace comes at length, and all these 
markets are hermetically sealed, Flour falls from 
ten or fifteen dollars a barrel to three or four, 
and ruin stalks at large through the fair planta- 
tions of the United States. Again, a panic is felt 
in England, on account of a supposed deficiency 
in the supply of cotton actually on hand, and the 
value of the article takes a sudden rise. Our 
speculating merchants, incapable of estimating 
the correctness of the opinion that occasions it, 
go on buying for exportation at extravagant 
prices. Immense supplies arrive in Europe. In 
the meantime the imagined deficiency is found to 
be of little or no importance. The market is over- 
stocked, and the merchants are ruined. Finally, 
we are forced ourselves into a war with England, 
and the usual supply of manufactures is checked: 
Immediately large amounts of capital, following 
the direction which they would naturally take in 
time of peace—were it not for the yery peculiar 
circumstances in which our country had been 
placed—are invested in domestic establishments 
which are to make up the deficiency. Everything 
goes on prosperously until the war comes to a 
close. Within a few months after, our markets 
are inundated with British goods, cheaper than 
we can make them, of equal quality, and our 
manufacturers are involved in their turn in one 
common ruin, &e, 
Forgetting the politics and policy, of 
which the book is full, the more agreeable 
parts will be found in the notices scattered 
here and there of the distinguished citizens 
of America—and among these the best are 
those of the authors of the existing federal 
constitution, Madison and Hamilton, and 
the two veterans, Jefferson and Adams, 
who both died on the jubilee anniversary 
of American independence. There is a 
good deal of extravagance in the whole of 
them ; but these were still eminent men; 
and mere prejudice it is not to place them 
on the same level with the. most renowned 
statesmen of Europe. They were engaged 
\ 
-in the same kind of business—exeeuted it 
with effect—shewed inferiority to none— 
and were a match for the ablest. Why 
should a smile come over us, when we find 
them thus compared ? 
The subject of slavery is strangely hud- 
dled over. Slavery is sanctioned by, we be- 
lieve, full one-half of the 25 states ; but the 
word is never once mentioned. The blacks 
are talked about a little, as constituting a 
3 Y 
